SARS-CoV-2 S2P spike ages through distinct states with altered immunogenicity
SARS-CoV-2 S2P spike ages through distinct states with altered immunogenicity
The SARS-CoV-2 spike is the primary target of virus-neutralizing antibodies and critical to the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that the prefusion-stabilized two-proline "S2P" spike-widely employed for laboratory work and clinical studies-unfolds when stored at 4 °C, physiological pH, as observed by electron microscopy (EM) and differential scanning calorimetry, but that its trimeric, native-like conformation can be reacquired by low pH treatment. When stored for approximately 1 week, this unfolding does not significantly alter antigenic characteristics; however, longer storage diminishes antibody binding, and month-old spike elicits virtually no neutralization in mice despite inducing high ELISA-binding titers. Cryo-EM structures reveal the folded fraction of spike to decrease with aging; however, its structure remains largely similar, although with varying mobility of the receptor-binding domain. Thus, the SARS-CoV-2 spike is susceptible to unfolding, which affects immunogenicity, highlighting the need to monitor its integrity.
- National Cancer Institute United States
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases United States
- Science Applications International Corporation (United States) United States
- National Institute of Health Pakistan
- Vaccine Research Center
Mice, Inbred BALB C, Time Factors, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, SARS-CoV-2, Cryoelectron Microscopy, COVID-19, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Mice, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Animals, Humans, Female, Research Article, Protein Unfolding
Mice, Inbred BALB C, Time Factors, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, SARS-CoV-2, Cryoelectron Microscopy, COVID-19, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Mice, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Animals, Humans, Female, Research Article, Protein Unfolding
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