AbstractTo investigate whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G gene polymorphism is associated with reproductive failure in a Polish population, we sequenced exons 2–4 of the HLA‐G gene in 58 couples with three recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSAs) in the first trimester of pregnancy and 58 fertile control couples. We identified 12 different HLA‐G alleles. Neither allele was found to be associated with an increased risk of RSA in the population. HLA‐G allele sharing was similar in couples with RSA and in control fertile couples. All cases and controls were also genotyped for the −725C>G polymorphisms in the promoter region and the 14‐bp insertion deletion in the 3′ untranslated region of the HLA‐G gene. The frequencies of both variants in RSA women and control fertile women were similar. These results suggest that HLA‐G gene polymorphism does not influence the risk of RSA in the Polish population, but further studies are needed in this regard.