The data file contains occurrence data based on historical observations and records between 1651 and 2004. Ten plant species have been studied : Alnus incana (L.) Moench, 1794 ; Buddleja davidii Franch., 1887 ; Castanea sativa Mill., 1798 ; Helianthus tuberosus L., 1753 ; Impatiens glandulifera Royle, 1833 ; Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., 1784 ; Prunus laurocerasus L., 1753 ; Reynoutria japonica Houtt., 1777 ; Robinia pseudoacacia L., 1753 ; and Spiraea japonica L.f., 1782. The data file is the result of a geo-historical study conducted over five months on the invasive plants species's introduction and distribution in Occitania (France), carried out within the framework of the EI2P-VALEEBEE project (Invasive species and pollinators, between constraints and potentials). Historical sources have been consulted during 2020 in order to find the oldest elements about the ten species. Each data corresponds to an historical observation or mention on one of the ten species of the study mainly on Metropolitan French territory since their introduction. Without an historical analysis, it is difficult to understand the current local distribution dynamics of invasive plant species, especially when some of them have been introduced on Metropolitan French territory for several centuries. All the interest of these occurrence data is to bring an historical depth allowing us to apprehend the local distribution of the ten species of the study over time. This can be allowed thanks to the record of several elements on their places of introduction, the comments from authors and observers on their abundance, and elements on the historical context of introduction. More generally, this historical data file is part of a multidisciplinary approach proposed by the members of EI2P project whose objective is to better take into account the ecological socio-cultural and economic issues raised by the issue of invasive alien plants. This work was endorsed by the CNRS/INEE Zone Atelier Pyrénées Garonne (ZA PYGAR). The Zones Ateliers network (RZA) is recognized by ALLENVI, as an eLTER (European Long-Term Ecological Research). A data paper explains precisely this dataset: Claudel M, Lerigoleur E, Brun C, Guillerme S (2022) Geohistorical dataset of ten plant species introduced into Occitania (France). Biodiversity Data Journal 10: e76283. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76283