This sampling-event dataset provides primary data about species composition and abundance of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) collected in urban habitats in Kaluga, a typical central Russian city. We explored different kinds of anthropogenic and highly anthropogenized habitats: yards, gardens, quarries, small urban woodlands, grasslands, and riparian habitats. Carabids were collected from early April or May to October during 1994-2015 by pitfall traps, in some cases traps were operated for a shorter time. In total, there are 189 carabid species and 79091 specimens from 60 samples from 47 habitats (sample plots) in this dataset. This dataset provides raw information to research habitat distribution, seasonal and year-to-year dynamics of carabid beetles in urban environment.