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Cyclisation Increases the Stability of the Sea Anemone Peptide APETx2 but Decreases Its Activity at Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 3

Authors: Jonas E. Jensen; Mehdi Mobli; Andreas Brust; Paul F. Alewood; Glenn F. King; Lachlan D. Rash;

Cyclisation Increases the Stability of the Sea Anemone Peptide APETx2 but Decreases Its Activity at Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 3

Abstract

APETx2 is a peptide isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. It is the most potent and selective inhibitor of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and it is currently in preclinical studies as a novel analgesic for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. As a peptide it faces many challenges in the drug development process, including the potential lack of stability often associated with therapeutic peptides. In this study we determined the susceptibility of wild-type APETx2 to trypsin and pepsin and tested the applicability of backbone cyclisation as a strategy to improve its resistance to enzymatic degradation. Cyclisation with either a six-, seven- or eight-residue linker vastly improved the protease resistance of APETx2 but substantially decreased its potency against ASIC3. This suggests that either the N- or C-terminus of APETx2 is involved in its interaction with the channel, which we confirmed by making N- and C-terminal truncations. Truncation of either terminus, but especially the N-terminus, has detrimental effects on the ability of APETx2 to inhibit ASIC3. The current work indicates that cyclisation is unlikely to be a suitable strategy for stabilising APETx2, unless linkers can be engineered that do not interfere with binding to ASIC3.

Country
Australia
Keywords

truncation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, sea anemone, QH301-705.5, Molecular Sequence Data, Sea anemone, Article, Structure-Activity Relationship, Xenopus laevis, Cnidarian Venoms, Drug Stability, ASIC3, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Biology (General), 3002 Drug Discovery, APETx2, stability, 540, sea anemone;<strong> </strong>peptide;<strong> </strong>APETx2; ASIC3; cyclisation; truncation; stability, cyclisation, Rats, Acid Sensing Ion Channels, &lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;peptide, &lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;APETx2, Acid Sensing Ion Channel Blockers, Cyclization, Peptide

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
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    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
23
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold