Abstract Mouly, A. (2016). A new species of Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae) on mining land, micro-endemic of the Poum Massif (New Caledonia). Candollea 71: 99–104. In French, English and French abstracts.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a12 A new species of Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae, Chiococceae) endemic to New Caledonia is described and illustrated. Thiollierea laureana Mouly belongs to the group of species with red and/or yellow flowers. This new taxon is morphologically close to Thiollierea neriifolia (Brongn.) Barrabe & Mouly but differs by its large oblanceolate leaves, solitary flower borne on a short peduncle lacking leafy bracts, and an hypanthium fluted by 10 discrete linear semi-cylindrical ribs. Thiollierea laureana is a New Caledonian micro-endemic, found only on the small ultramafic Poum massif, located at the northern tip of the largest island, Grande Terre. The new species is assessed as “Critically Endangered” using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.