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NTRK3 Is a Potential Tumor Suppressor Gene Commonly Inactivated by Epigenetic Mechanisms in Colorectal Cancer

NTRK3 هو جين محتمل مثبط للورم يتم تعطيله بشكل شائع بواسطة الآليات اللاجينية في سرطان القولون والمستقيم
Authors: Yanxin Luo; Andrew M. Kaz; Samornmas Kanngurn; Piri Welsch; Shelli M. Morris; Jianping Wang; James Lutterbaugh; +2 Authors

NTRK3 Is a Potential Tumor Suppressor Gene Commonly Inactivated by Epigenetic Mechanisms in Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

NTRK3 est un membre de la famille des récepteurs aux neurotrophines et régule la survie cellulaire. Il semble être un récepteur de dépendance, et a donc le potentiel d'agir comme un oncogène ou comme un gène suppresseur de tumeur. NTRK3 est un récepteur de NT-3 et lorsqu'il est lié à NT-3, il induit la survie cellulaire, mais lorsque NT-3 est libre, il induit l'apoptose. Nous avons identifié NTRK3 méthylée de manière aberrante dans les cancers colorectaux grâce à un dépistage des gènes hyperméthylés à l'échelle du génome. Cette découverte nous a amenés à évaluer si NTRK3 pouvait être un gène suppresseur de tumeur dans le côlon. NTRK3 est méthylée dans 60 % des adénomes du côlon et 67 % des adénocarcinomes du côlon. La méthylation de NTRK3 supprime l'expression de NTRK3. La reconstitution de NTRK3 induit l'apoptose dans les cancers colorectaux, en l'absence de NT-3. De plus, la perte de l'expression de NTRK3 est associée à une transformation néoplasique in vitro et in vivo. Nous avons également constaté qu'un mutant naturel NTRK3 trouvé dans le cancer colorectal humain inhibe l'activité suppresseur de tumeur de NTRK3. En résumé, nos résultats suggèrent que NTRK3 est un gène suppresseur de tumeur conditionnel qui est couramment inactivé dans le cancer colorectal par des mécanismes épigénétiques et génétiques dont la fonction dans la pathogenèse du cancer colorectal dépend du statut d'expression de son ligand, NT-3.

NTRK3 es un miembro de la familia de receptores de neurotrofinas y regula la supervivencia celular. Parece ser un receptor de dependencia y, por lo tanto, tiene el potencial de actuar como un oncogén o como un gen supresor de tumores. NTRK3 es un receptor para NT-3 y cuando se une a NT-3 induce la supervivencia celular, pero cuando NT-3 está libre, induce la apoptosis. Identificamos NTRK3 metilada de forma aberrante en cánceres colorrectales a través de un cribado de genes hipermetilados en todo el genoma. Este descubrimiento nos llevó a evaluar si NTRK3 podría ser un gen supresor de tumores en el colon. NTRK3 está metilado en el 60% de los adenomas de colon y en el 67% de los adenocarcinomas de colon. La metilación de NTRK3 suprime la expresión de NTRK3. La reconstitución de NTRK3 induce la apoptosis en los cánceres colorrectales, si la NT-3 está ausente. Además, la pérdida de expresión de NTRK3 se asocia con la transformación neoplásica in vitro e in vivo. También encontramos que un mutante de origen natural NTRK3 que se encuentra en el cáncer colorrectal humano inhibe la actividad supresora tumoral de NTRK3. En resumen, nuestros hallazgos sugieren que NTRK3 es un gen supresor tumoral condicional que comúnmente se inactiva en el cáncer colorrectal por mecanismos epigenéticos y genéticos cuya función en la patogénesis del cáncer colorrectal depende del estado de expresión de su ligando, NT-3.

NTRK3 is a member of the neurotrophin receptor family and regulates cell survival. It appears to be a dependence receptor, and thus has the potential to act as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene. NTRK3 is a receptor for NT-3 and when bound to NT-3 it induces cell survival, but when NT-3 free, it induces apoptosis. We identified aberrantly methylated NTRK3 in colorectal cancers through a genome-wide screen for hypermethylated genes. This discovery led us to assess whether NTRK3 could be a tumor suppressor gene in the colon. NTRK3 is methylated in 60% of colon adenomas and 67% of colon adenocarcinomas. NTRK3 methylation suppresses NTRK3 expression. Reconstitution of NTRK3 induces apoptosis in colorectal cancers, if NT-3 is absent. Furthermore, the loss of NTRK3 expression associates with neoplastic transformation in vitro and in vivo. We also found that a naturally occurring mutant NTRK3 found in human colorectal cancer inhibits the tumor suppressor activity of NTRK3. In summary, our findings suggest NTRK3 is a conditional tumor suppressor gene that is commonly inactivated in colorectal cancer by both epigenetic and genetic mechanisms whose function in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer depends on the expression status of its ligand, NT-3.

NTRK3 هو عضو في عائلة مستقبلات التغذية العصبية وينظم بقاء الخلية. يبدو أنه مستقبل للاعتماد، وبالتالي لديه القدرة على العمل كجين ورمي أو كجين مثبط للورم. NTRK3 هو مستقبل لـ NT -3 وعندما يرتبط بـ NT -3 فإنه يحفز بقاء الخلية، ولكن عندما يكون NT -3 حرًا، فإنه يحفز الاستماتة. حددنا NTRK3 المثيل الشاذ في سرطانات القولون والمستقيم من خلال فحص على مستوى الجينوم للجينات المفرطة الميثيل. قادنا هذا الاكتشاف إلى تقييم ما إذا كان NTRK3 يمكن أن يكون جينًا مثبطًا للورم في القولون. يتم ميثلة NTRK3 في 60 ٪ من أورام القولون الغدية و 67 ٪ من أورام القولون الغدية. تمنع مثيلة NTRK3 تعبير NTRK3. تؤدي إعادة تكوين NTRK3 إلى موت الخلايا المبرمج في سرطانات القولون والمستقيم، إذا كان NT -3 غائبًا. علاوة على ذلك، يرتبط فقدان تعبير NTRK3 بالتحول الورمي في المختبر وفي الجسم الحي. وجدنا أيضًا أن الطفرة الطبيعية NTRK3 الموجودة في سرطان القولون والمستقيم البشري تمنع نشاط مثبط الورم لـ NTRK3. باختصار، تشير نتائجنا إلى أن NTRK3 هو جين مثبط للورم مشروط يتم تعطيله بشكل شائع في سرطان القولون والمستقيم من خلال كل من الآليات اللاجينية والجينية التي تعتمد وظيفتها في التسبب في سرطان القولون والمستقيم على حالة التعبير عن ربيطتها، NT -3.

Keywords

Male, Mouse model of colorectal and intestinal cancer, Carcinogenesis, Apoptosis, Cancer research, QH426-470, Epigenetic Repression, Cell cycle, Gene, Wnt Signaling in Development and Disease, Polysaccharides, Role of Transcription Factors in Cell Regulation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics, Humans, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Receptor, trkC, Tumor suppressor gene, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Molecular Biology, Biology, Oncogene, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Cancer, DNA methylation, Genome, Human, Life Sciences, DNA Methylation, Middle Aged, HCT116 Cells, Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Pathway, Colorectal cancer, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, FOS: Biological sciences, Female, Epigenetics, Deleted in Colorectal Cancer, Gene expression, Colorectal Neoplasms, Tumor Suppressor, Research Article

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
88
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Top 10%
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