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A Signaling Pathway Involving TGF-β2 and Snail in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis

Authors: Colin Jamora; Elaine Fuchs; Yang Chai; Mohamad Azhar; Pawel Kocieniewski; Pedro Lee; Ryoichi Hosokawa;

A Signaling Pathway Involving TGF-β2 and Snail in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis

Abstract

In a common theme of organogenesis, certain cells within a multipotent epithelial sheet exchange signals with their neighbors and develop into a bud structure. Using hair bud morphogenesis as a paradigm, we employed mutant mouse models and cultured keratinocytes to dissect the contributions of multiple extracellular cues in orchestrating adhesion dynamics and proliferation to shape the cluster of cells involved. We found that transforming growth factor beta2 signaling is necessary to transiently induce the transcription factor Snail and activate the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the bud. In the epidermis, Snail misexpression leads to hyperproliferation and a reduction in intercellular adhesion. When E-cadherin is transcriptionally down-regulated, associated adhesion proteins with dual functions in signaling are released from cell-cell contacts, a process which we demonstrate leads to Ras-MAPK activation. These studies provide insights into how multipotent cells within a sheet are stimulated to undergo transcriptional changes that result in proliferation, junctional remodeling, and bud formation. This novel signaling pathway further weaves together the web of different morphogens and downstream transcriptional events that guide hair bud formation within the developing skin.

Keywords

Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, QH301-705.5, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Blotting, Western, Down-Regulation, Mice, Transgenic, Cell Communication, Epithelium, Mice, Animals, Biology (General), Cell Proliferation, Skin, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cadherins, Immunohistochemistry, Snail Family Transcription Factors, Hair Follicle, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    137
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    influence
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    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
137
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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gold