BACKGROUND The Gab1 gene has an important role in cell proliferation in meningioma via various signaling pathways. However, the relationship between polymorphisms of the Gab1 gene and meningioma remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the plausible association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Gab1 gene and meningioma risk in a northern Chinese Han population. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case-control study included 205 patients with meningioma and 297 healthy controls. Four loci of the Gab1 gene were genotyped using the multiplex snapshot technique. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by chi-squared and logistic regression analysis. The distributions of Gab1 SNP genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between patients with meningioma and healthy controls and among patients stratified by clinical phenotypes. RESULTS The allelic frequency distributions of G at rs3805236 and C at rs1397529 were significantly higher in patients with meningioma than in healthy controls. The frequency of the rs3805236-GG and rs1397529-AC genotypes were significantly higher in patients with meningioma than in controls. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the genotypes of patients versus healthy individuals at rs1397529, according to stratification by dural invasion. The allelic frequency distributions of alleles or genotypes at rs3805246 and rs3828512 were not different in patients with meningioma and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The Gab1 gene rs3805236A>G and rs1397529A>C SNPs increased the risk of meningioma in the northern Chinese Han population. Furthermore, rs1397529A>C may be related to enhanced dural invasion in patients with meningioma.