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Evolutionary history of the human multigene families reveals widespread gene duplications throughout the history of animals

يكشف التاريخ التطوري للعائلات البشرية متعددة الجينات عن ازدواجية جينية واسعة النطاق عبر تاريخ الحيوانات
Authors: Nashaiman Pervaiz; Nazia Shakeel; Ayesha Qasim; Rabail Zehra Raza; Saneela Anwar; Neenish Rana; Yongbiao Xue; +3 Authors

Evolutionary history of the human multigene families reveals widespread gene duplications throughout the history of animals

Abstract

L'hypothèse selon laquelle les vertébrés ont connu deux anciennes duplications du génome entier (GTD) est d'un intérêt central pour la biologie évolutive et a été impliquée dans l'évolution de la complexité du développement. Les régions de paralogie à trois voies et à quatre voies dans les génomes humains et d'autres vertébrés sont considérées comme des preuves vitales pour étayer cette hypothèse. Alternativement, il a été proposé que de telles régions de paralogie soient créées par des duplications à petite échelle qui se sont produites à différents intervalles au cours de l'évolution de la vie. Pour aborder ce débat, la présente étude examine l'histoire évolutive des familles multigéniques avec une représentation au moins triple sur les chromosomes humains 1, 2, 8 et 20. L'analyse phylogénétique et les comparaisons de topologie arborescente ont classé les membres de 36 familles multigéniques en quatre groupes distincts co-dupliqués. Les familles de gènes appartenant au même groupe co-dupliqué auraient pu se dupliquer ensemble, tandis que les gènes appartenant à différents groupes co-dupliqués pourraient avoir des origines évolutives distinctes. Conjointement avec les enquêtes précédentes, l'étude actuelle n'a fourni aucune preuve en faveur de l'hypothèse des GTD. Il semble plutôt que le génome des vertébrés ait évolué à la suite d'événements de duplication à petite échelle, qui couvrent toute la durée de l'histoire des animaux.

La hipótesis de que los vertebrados han experimentado dos antiguas duplicaciones del genoma completo (WGD) es de interés central para la biología evolutiva y se ha implicado en la evolución de la complejidad del desarrollo. Las regiones de parálisis de tres y cuatro vías en los genomas humanos y de otros vertebrados se consideran evidencia vital para respaldar esta hipótesis. Alternativamente, se ha propuesto que tales regiones de paralogía son creadas por duplicaciones a pequeña escala que ocurrieron a diferentes intervalos durante la evolución de la vida. Para abordar este debate, el presente estudio investiga la historia evolutiva de familias multigénicas con al menos una representación triple en los cromosomas humanos 1, 2, 8 y 20. El análisis filogenético y las comparaciones de topología de árbol clasificaron a los miembros de 36 familias multigénicas en cuatro grupos distintos coduplicados. Las familias de genes que pertenecen al mismo grupo co-duplicado podrían haberse duplicado juntas, mientras que los genes que pertenecen a diferentes grupos co-duplicados podrían tener distintos orígenes evolutivos. Tomados en conjunto con investigaciones anteriores, el estudio actual no arrojó pruebas a favor de la hipótesis de los WGD. Más bien, parece que el genoma de los vertebrados evolucionó como resultado de eventos de duplicación a pequeña escala, que cubren todo el lapso de la historia de los animales.

The hypothesis that vertebrates have experienced two ancient, whole genome duplications (WGDs) is of central interest to evolutionary biology and has been implicated in evolution of developmental complexity. Three-way and Four-way paralogy regions in human and other vertebrate genomes are considered as vital evidence to support this hypothesis. Alternatively, it has been proposed that such paralogy regions are created by small-scale duplications that occurred at different intervals over the evolution of life.To address this debate, the present study investigates the evolutionary history of multigene families with at least three-fold representation on human chromosomes 1, 2, 8 and 20. Phylogenetic analysis and the tree topology comparisons classified the members of 36 multigene families into four distinct co-duplicated groups. Gene families falling within the same co-duplicated group might have duplicated together, whereas genes belong to different co-duplicated groups might have distinct evolutionary origins.Taken together with previous investigations, the current study yielded no proof in favor of WGDs hypothesis. Rather, it appears that the vertebrate genome evolved as a result of small-scale duplication events, that cover the entire span of the animals' history.

إن الفرضية القائلة بأن الفقاريات قد شهدت اثنين من التكرارات الجينية القديمة الكاملة (WGDs) هي ذات أهمية مركزية لعلم الأحياء التطوري وقد تورطت في تطور التعقيد التطوري. تعتبر مناطق التشابه ثلاثية الاتجاه ورباعية الاتجاه في جينومات الإنسان والفقاريات الأخرى دليلاً حيوياً لدعم هذه الفرضية. بدلاً من ذلك، تم اقتراح أن يتم إنشاء مناطق التشابه هذه من خلال ازدواجيات صغيرة النطاق حدثت على فترات مختلفة على مدار تطور الحياة. ولمعالجة هذا النقاش، تبحث هذه الدراسة في التاريخ التطوري للعائلات متعددة الجينات مع تمثيل ثلاثة أضعاف على الأقل على الكروموسومات البشرية 1 و 2 و 8 و 20. صنف التحليل الوراثي ومقارنات طوبولوجيا الأشجار أعضاء 36 عائلة متعددة الجينات إلى أربع مجموعات متميزة مكررة بشكل مشترك. قد تكون عائلات الجينات التي تقع ضمن نفس المجموعة المكررة قد تضاعفت معًا، في حين أن الجينات تنتمي إلى مجموعات مختلفة مكررة قد يكون لها أصول تطورية متميزة. لم تسفر الدراسة الحالية، جنبًا إلى جنب مع التحقيقات السابقة، عن أي دليل لصالح فرضية WGDs. بدلاً من ذلك، يبدو أن جينوم الفقاريات تطور نتيجة لأحداث الازدواجية على نطاق صغير، والتي تغطي كامل فترة تاريخ الحيوانات.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Whole genome duplications, Gene duplication, Evolution, Genome Evolution and Polyploidy in Plants, Segmental duplication, Paralogy regions, Evolutionary biology, Plant Science, Gene, Paralogons, Evolution, Molecular, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Gene Duplication, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Chromosome Duplication, QH359-425, Genetics, Animals, Chromosomes, Human, Humans, phylogenetic tree, RNA Sequencing Data Analysis, Molecular Biology, Biology, Phylogeny, Human evolution, Genome, Genome, Human, Vertebrate, Segmental duplications, Life Sciences, Phylogenetic Analysis, Concerted evolution, Invertebrates, Genome evolution, Phylogenetics, Multigene Family, FOS: Biological sciences, Vertebrates, Genomic Signal Processing and Analysis Techniques, Gene family, Human, Research Article, Phylogenetic tree

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
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