The Torsin Activator LULL1 Is Required for Efficient Growth of Herpes Simplex Virus 1
The Torsin Activator LULL1 Is Required for Efficient Growth of Herpes Simplex Virus 1
ABSTRACT TorsinA is a membrane-tethered AAA+ ATPase implicated in nuclear envelope dynamics as well as the nuclear egress of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). The activity of TorsinA and the related ATPase TorsinB strictly depends on LAP1 and LULL1, type II transmembrane proteins that are integral parts of the Torsin/cofactor AAA ring, forming a composite, membrane-spanning assembly. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering to create single- and double knockout (KO) cell lines of TorA and TorB as well as their activators, LAP1 and LULL1, to investigate the effect on HSV-1 production. Consistent with LULL1 being the more potent Torsin activator, a LULL1 KO reduces HSV-1 growth by one order of magnitude, while the deletion of other components of the Torsin system in combination causes subtle defects. Notably, LULL1 deficiency leads to a 10-fold decrease in the number of viral genomes per host cell without affecting viral protein production, allowing us to tentatively assign LULL1 to an unexpected role that precedes HSV-1 nuclear egress. IMPORTANCE In this study, we conduct the first comprehensive genetic and phenotypic analysis of the Torsin/cofactor system in the context of HSV-1 infection, establishing LULL1 as the most important component of the Torsin system with respect to viral production.
- Yale University United States
Immunoblotting, Membrane Proteins, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Viral Plaque Assay, Gene Knockout Techniques, Microscopy, Electron, Humans, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Carrier Proteins, Genetic Engineering, DNA Primers, HeLa Cells, Molecular Chaperones
Immunoblotting, Membrane Proteins, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Viral Plaque Assay, Gene Knockout Techniques, Microscopy, Electron, Humans, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Carrier Proteins, Genetic Engineering, DNA Primers, HeLa Cells, Molecular Chaperones
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