Alternative Binding Modes Identified for Growth and Differentiation Factor-associated Serum Protein (GASP) Family Antagonism of Myostatin
Alternative Binding Modes Identified for Growth and Differentiation Factor-associated Serum Protein (GASP) Family Antagonism of Myostatin
Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β family of ligands, is a strong negative regulator of muscle growth. As such, it is a prime therapeutic target for muscle wasting disorders. Similar to other TGF-β family ligands, myostatin is neutralized by binding one of a number of structurally diverse antagonists. Included are the antagonists GASP-1 and GASP-2, which are unique in that they specifically antagonize myostatin. However, little is known from a structural standpoint describing the interactions of GASP antagonists with myostatin. Here, we present the First low resolution solution structure of myostatin-free and myostatin-bound states of GASP-1 and GASP-2. Our studies have revealed GASP-1, which is 100 times more potent than GASP-2, preferentially binds myostatin in an asymmetrical 1:1 complex, whereas GASP-2 binds in a symmetrical 2:1 complex. Additionally, C-terminal truncations of GASP-1 result in less potent myostatin inhibitors that form a 2:1 complex, suggesting that the C-terminal domains of GASP-1 are the primary mediators for asymmetric complex formation. Overall, this study provides a new perspective on TGF-β antagonism, where closely related antagonists can utilize different ligand-binding strategies.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine United States
- Johns Hopkins Medicine United States
- University System of Ohio United States
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center United States
- University of Cincinnati United States
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, CHO Cells, Myostatin, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice, Cricetulus, HEK293 Cells, Cricetinae, Chromatography, Gel, Animals, Humans, Scattering, Radiation, Carrier Proteins, Ultracentrifugation, Protein Binding
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, CHO Cells, Myostatin, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice, Cricetulus, HEK293 Cells, Cricetinae, Chromatography, Gel, Animals, Humans, Scattering, Radiation, Carrier Proteins, Ultracentrifugation, Protein Binding
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