Downloads provided by UsageCountsPhytochrome Kinase Substrate 4 is phosphorylated by the phototropin 1 photoreceptor
Phytochrome Kinase Substrate 4 is phosphorylated by the phototropin 1 photoreceptor
Phototropism allows plants to redirect their growth towards the light to optimize photosynthesis under reduced light conditions. Phototropin 1 (phot1) is the primary low blue light-sensing receptor triggering phototropism in Arabidopsis. Light-induced autophosphorylation of phot1, an AGC-class protein kinase, constitutes an essential step for phototropism. However, apart from the receptor itself, substrates of phot1 kinase activity are less clearly established. Phototropism is also influenced by the cryptochromes and phytochromes photoreceptors that do not provide directional information but influence the process through incompletely characterized mechanisms. Here, we show that Phytochrome Kinase Substrate 4 (PKS4), a known element of phot1 signalling, is a substrate of phot1 kinase activity in vitro that is phosphorylated in a phot1-dependent manner in vivo. PKS4 phosphorylation is transient and regulated by a type 2-protein phosphatase. Moreover, phytochromes repress the accumulation of the light-induced phosphorylated form of PKS4 showing a convergence of photoreceptor activity on this signalling element. Our physiological analyses suggest that PKS4 phosphorylation is not essential for phototropism but is part of a negative feedback mechanism.
- Kyushu University Japan
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Switzerland
- University of Glasgow United Kingdom
- Osaka Metropolitan University Japan
- University of Lausanne Switzerland
Arabidopsis/enzymology; Arabidopsis/physiology; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism; Phosphoproteins/metabolism; Phosphorylation; Phototrophic Processes; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Signal Transduction, Arabidopsis Proteins, Arabidopsis, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Phosphoproteins, Phototrophic Processes, Phosphorylation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Signal Transduction
Arabidopsis/enzymology; Arabidopsis/physiology; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism; Phosphoproteins/metabolism; Phosphorylation; Phototrophic Processes; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Signal Transduction, Arabidopsis Proteins, Arabidopsis, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Phosphoproteins, Phototrophic Processes, Phosphorylation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Signal Transduction
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