VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE AND PITUITARY ADENYLATE CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE INHIBIT LPS-STIMULATED MIP-1α PRODUCTION AND mRNA EXPRESSION
Copyright policy )VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE AND PITUITARY ADENYLATE CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE INHIBIT LPS-STIMULATED MIP-1α PRODUCTION AND mRNA EXPRESSION
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are neuropeptides with immunomodulatory properties, including the regulation of several proinflammatory mediators. Such mediators, for example chemokines, influence trafficking of inflammatory cells and contribute to shaping the immune response. In the present work, we studied the effect of VIP and PACAP on the CC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1alpha) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. VIP and PACAP inhibited the production of MIP-1alpha in a dose-dependent manner and over a broad spectrum of LPS concentrations. The use of selective agonists and antagonists of VIP/PACAP receptors showed that type 1 VIP receptor (VPAC1) is the major receptor involved, but the type 2 VIP receptor (VPAC2) may be also implicated. By using selective PKA and PKC inhibitors and cAMP mimicked agents, we demonstrated a cAMP-dependent signalling pathway for the inhibitory effect of VIP/PACAP on MIP-1alpha production, although a minor non-mediated cAMP pathway was also involved. mRNA expression studies showed a down-regulation of MIP-1alpha gene expression by VIP and PACAP. Taken together, the present work strongly supports an anti-inflammatory role of VIP and PACAP by a new mechanism associated with impairment of a key component of the chemokine network.
- University of Seville Spain
Lipopolysaccharides, Time Factors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Neuropeptides, Down-Regulation, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Cell Line, Mice, Cyclic AMP, Animals, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, RNA, Messenger, Chemokines, Chemokine CCL4, Cells, Cultured, Protein Kinase C, Chemokine CCL3, Signal Transduction
Lipopolysaccharides, Time Factors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Neuropeptides, Down-Regulation, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Cell Line, Mice, Cyclic AMP, Animals, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, RNA, Messenger, Chemokines, Chemokine CCL4, Cells, Cultured, Protein Kinase C, Chemokine CCL3, Signal Transduction
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