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Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short‐lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 01 Jun 2015 English Publisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU)Journal:Geophysical Research Letters, volume 42, pages 4,573-4,580 (issn: 0094-8276, eissn: 1944-8007, Copyright policy )Funded by:UKRI | Tropospheric halogen chem..., UKRI | Tropospheric halogen chem...
Authors: R. Hossaini; M. P. Chipperfield; A. Saiz‐Lopez; J. J. Harrison; R. von Glasow; R. Sommariva; E. Atlas; +13 Authors

doi: 10.1002/2015gl063783

pmid: 27570318

pmc: PMC4981078

handle: 10261/130657 , 11250/2353149 , 1983/10067d69-2cf2-499e-b947-4324d8f0c9e2 , 2381/38960

Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short‐lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol

Abstract

AbstractWe have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short‐lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS ( ) between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for ∼83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS‐derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric increased by ∼52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7 ppt Cl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH2Cl2—the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

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Keywords

550, IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS, 150, TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER, 551, OZONE LOSS, Physical Chemistry, TROPOSPHERE, Atmospheric Sciences, phosgene, Ozone, CHEMISTRY, Montreal Protocol, Phosgene, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, Stratosphere, BROMOCARBONS, CLIMATE MODEL, Geology, HCL, 540, TRANSPORT, dichloromethane, Research Letters, 301, BROMINE, ozone, Geochemistry, Dichloromethane, Physical Sciences, stratosphere, VSLS, Geophysics and Seismology, Geosciences

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