This project will reconceptualise welfare theory through responding to the question of how all residents living in two contrasting superdiverse neighbourhoods access healthcare. Such a focus is pertinent given increasing population complexity, heterogeneity and pace of change under globalisation, and the subsequent need to rethink welfare design, alongside issues of engagement, approachability and effectiveness. Using innovative techniques including street- mapping, community research, a mobile phone "app" alongside a neighbourhood survey, we explore the multiple approaches that residents living in superdiverse neighbourhoods use to meet their health needs, encompassing the perspectives of service users and providers. We will generate new theoretical and practical insights through the development of models of welfare bricolage: the practice by which individuals combine formal, informal and virtual (online, social media) health services across public, private and third sectors in an attempt to meet need. We use a comparative/sequential approach to interrogate local welfare states across a deprived and an upwardly mobile superdiverse neighbourhood in Sweden and compare this with three other national welfare states (UK, Portugal, Germany) each with different welfare, health and migration regimes. By focussing on key features of superdiverse neighbourhoods where residents are differentiated according to faith, income (including socio-economic status), age, gender and legal status, we bring new insights with societal, practical and policy relevance. The study will illuminate inequalities and diversity in respect of individuals? relationship with healthcare, different modes of provision, and responsibilities for welfare allocation.