Mineral dust particles are transported through the atmosphere from the world’s deserts, deposited over the oceans, and affect climate and global warming in many different ways. Changing winds and rain determine how much and how far dust is transported, but the exact relations and feedbacks between dust and climate are unclear. Dust from the Sahara Desert that blows over the Atlantic Ocean will be collected, its particle size, shape and composition will be studied, and climate models will reveal how dust and climate affect each other. This knowledge is fundamental to make more accurate predictions for our future climate.