Biomass is the primary energy source in African countries, used mostly as wood fuel and charcoal for home cooking, lighting and heating. Liquid fuels (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel, and straight vegetable oil) account for a small share of total energy supplies, but have been used for almost three dec-ades, and production is increasing. Biofuels offer the prospect of increased employment, a new cash crop for farmers, reduced fuel import costs, and increased foreign exchange earnings. Rapid increase in the biofuels’ global demand over the next decade or more will provide opportunities for African exporters, as neither the EU nor the US are expected to be able to meet their consumption completely from domestic production. African countries are well placed to benefit from the in-creased biofuels demand, as many have large areas of land suitable for producing biofuels, as well as abundant labour. The domestic biofuels market is also expected to be attractive in many African countries due to high fuel prices and rapid demand growth, and offers better opportunities for smallholder participation in producing biofuel crops. Biomass pyrolysis is a thermal process con-verting solid biomass, in absence of air/oxygen, at elevated temperatures, into a gaseous stream, a liquid stream (biooil) and a solid product (biochar). Although subject to significant research in the recent years, the biofuels production from biomass pyrolysis is not yet fully developed with respect to its commercial applications. PyroBioFuel aims, thus, to create a unique knowledge infrastructure that supports decentralised, sustainable, and cost-efficient conversion of biomass to sustainable fuels, and is relevant to both Europe and Africa. The consortium involves five partners from Africa (Egypt, Morocco, South Africa) and Europe (Germany, France). The project targets development of new technologies that overcome technological barriers, increase process efficiency, and reduce marginal costs in the biomass to fuel conversion process. The proposed project focuses on the sustainable biomass waste conversion into useful liquid fuels and biochar through pyrolysis. The biomass feedstock varies according to participating countries and season, ranging from virgin biomass, waste biomass and energy crops, e.g., agricultural waste, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, wheat husks, wood wastes, rice straws, sawmill, paper mill dis-cards, etc. Fast pyrolysis optimisation, development of processes to convert pyrolysis’ products to fuels, and model-based decision-making tools to support process development and performance validation are representing the main objectives of the proposal. This will be achieved through robust pyrolysis technologies delivering constant product quality, and unique catalytic units based on integrated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and hydrocracking reactor (HCR) microreactors (MCRs) that can be flexibly implemented for compact and efficient biofuel processing. Process modelling will be per-formed to fully understand the chemical kinetics, flow dynamics along with heat and mass transfer throughout the process. This will be followed by process optimisation and integration to achieve the highest process efficiency. Profitability of the integrated process will be assessed, and the envi-ronmental impact will be evaluated. The programme involves 5 working packages (WPs) integrated together to enhance the biomass to fuel conversion pathway using novel conversion technologies and innovative digital tools. They include pyrolysis and pyrolysis product conditioning, upgrading and valorisation of pyrolysis prod-ucts, mathematical modelling, optimisation, and analysis of the pyrolysis to fuel conversion pro-cess, techno-economic and environmental (LCA) studies, and a validation demonstrator.