The clinical application of this project is focused on bone regeneration afterlong time to repair fractures in elderly population or in the case of complex fractures (bone lengthening, regeneration of large bone volume ). Current therapeutic approaches include bone grafts (self- and allograft transplants) or implants composed of various biomaterials, but none of them are currently acceptable. Generally, an autologous bone graft contains all the elements required for bone repair: an osteoconductive structure, osteoinductive and angiogenic growth factors, and cells with osteogenic potential. The use of bone grafts has major disadvantages. If the success rate is high, complications or consolidation defects are observed, especially in the case of large bone regeneration. In addition, replacement of the site damaged by the host bone is often incomplete, and hardening of the autologous bone often results in morbidity of the donor site. Moreover, alternative biomaterials may be given adequate osteoconductivity/inductivity and increased osteogenic potential through cellularization. However, this approach has not shown its fully efficacy in bone regeneration yet. The main causes of this failure may lie in the fact that the initial state of the different tissues is not taken into account.. This also leads to vascular problems. The osteogenic function of the periosteum has been recognized since the 18th century. It occurs in any situations leading to bone surface detachment , whether of traumatic, infectious, tumorous or surgical origin. This fibro-cellular tissue provides dual functions: interwined mechanical and biological. While its outer fibrous layer plays a mechanical role, its deep cellular layer is able to initiate a massive production of skeletal tissue, as diverse as bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments and even muscle tissue. This "cambial" layer contains mesenchymal progenitor cells which have preserved a potential for multidirectional differentiation. In addition, the periosteum is responsible for the emission of bioactive molecules (growth factors) that allow these various differentiation pathways to be modulated. This project aims at regenerating the periosteum (flexible elastic membrane) and then regenerate bone (viscoelastic hard tissue) based on previousresearch results of some members of the future network The goal of the creation of this network is to develop a consortium which allows s to understand and evaluate the cellular contribution of periosteal cells to bone regeneration, particularly concerning the speed and the spread of the implant vascularization. The aim of the approach will be to make the most effective use of the periosteal function in order to optimize the bone regeneration process. This network will be able to apply for the H2020 SC1-BHC-07-2019 call on the regenerative medicine, and also on the 2020 Biomaterials call. Based on clinical observations of the beneficial role of periosteal tissue, we propose to study the implantation and integration of the periosteal biomimetic composite biomaterials, to accelerate these processes and optimize the quality of regenerated tissue. The approach will include biological, chemical, physical, and tissue and mechanical engineering sciences.

While silicon-based solar cell technologies dominate the photovoltaic (PV) market today, their performance is limited. Indeed, the world record efficiency for Si-based PVs has been static at 25% for several years now. III-V multijunction PVs, on the other hand, have recently attained efficiencies > 40% and new record performances emerge regularly. Although tandem PV geometries have been developed combining crystalline and amorphous silicon, it has not been possible so far to form devices with efficiencies to rival III-V multijunctions. NOVAGAINS aims to benefit from combining the maturity of the Si technology with the potential efficiency gains associated with IIIV PV through the development of a novel tandem PV involving the integration of an InGaN based junction on a monocrystalline Si junction by means of a compliant ZnO interfacial template layer which doubles as a tunnel junction. Although the (In)GaN alloy has been used extensively in LEDs, its’ use in solar cell technology has drawn relatively little attention. Nevertheless, the InGaN materials system offers a huge potential to develop superior efficiency PV devices. The primary advantage of InGaN is the direct-band gap, which can be tuned to cover a range from 0.7 eV to 3.4 eV. As such, this is the only system which encompasses as much of the solar spectrum. Indeed, the fact that InGaN can provide such tunability of the bandgap means that PV conversion efficiencies greater than 50% can be anticipated. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to grow GaN based films of high materials quality directly on Si because they do not have a good crystallographic match. ZnO can be grown more readily on such substrates, however, because of its’ more compliant nature. Indeed, well-crystallized and highly-oriented ZnO can even be grown directly on the native amorphous SiO2 layer. Since ZnO shares the same wurtzite structure as GaN and there is less than 2% lattice mismatch it has been demonstrated that it is then possible to grow InGaN/GaN epitaxially on ZnO/Si using the specialized know-how offered by the consortium. Modeling indicates that when optimized, stacked InGaN and Si cells coupled by tunneling through a ZnO interlayer offer the perspective of tandem cells with overall solar conversion efficiencies in excess of 30%.

Our Environment is perpetually subject to changes in space and time with significantly varying triggers, frequencies, magnitudes and also consequences to humans. It is critical to monitor Earth surface processes (e.g. coastal erosion, surface deformation, land cover changes) and natural ecosystem to improve our scientific understanding and knowledge of complex human-environmental interactions. Understanding is key and the first step to informed decision making (e.g. adaptation, mitigation). Recently, we can observe an increasing proliferation of heterogeneous geospatial data (point cloud data, aerial or terrestrial videos and photographs, very high spatial resolution –VHSR and stereoscopic satellite images), acquired with very-high temporal frequency (VHTF) by various platforms and sensors. This includes in particular terrestrial laser scanners (TLS), mobile mapping system (MMS), terrestrial photo cameras, aerial platforms with optical cameras and laser scanners (e.g. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – UAVs or satellites (e.g. Pléiades, Sentinel-1/2). In addition, large historical archives of geospatial datasets from previous sensor generations exist, and while they constitute an invaluable source of information for the analysis of historical changes, they also further contribute to the data deluge. These systems can rapidly deliver massive heterogeneous geospatial data for environmental mapping and monitoring. Although a multitude of automatic methods were developed to extract environmental parameters (e.g. extent, volumes, velocities, typology) only from LiDAR point or only from aerial or satellite images very little research has focused on environmental mapping and monitoring combining multisource heterogeneous geospatial data from VHTF and VHSR platforms and sensors. Within this context, the objectives of the TIMES project is to produce new knowledge on the dynamics landscape objects from the massive exploitation of this big geospatial data with the objective to develop and validate novel data processing and analysis methods for environmental monitoring of landscape objects. The proposed methods will be able to tackle highly heterogeneous datasets (point cloud data, aerial and satellite images) analyzed at very high temporal frequency.

If economic constraints impose nowadays to carry more goods at lower costs, all heavy trucks silhouettes do not have the same effects on infrastructure for the same transported tonnage. In a context of ageing road networks, and where the resources devoted to the maintenance of these networks are shrinking, it is important to better control and understand the road pavement surface degradation mechanisms to optimize their design and maintenance. Currently, specifications exist regarding adhesion, texture, evenness, but no standards or any design method allows defining the mechanical characteristics, guaranteeing lifetime of surface layers which support directly traffic loads. The aim of the project, which combines French and Chinese research laboratories, is to develop more rational and scientific approaches for assessing the effect of traffic loads on wearing courses and for the design of these layers. The aim of the project is to develop more rational and scientific approaches for assessing the effect of traffic loads on wearing courses and for the design of these layers. To achieve these goals, the main mechanisms of deterioration of wearing courses under traffic loads, such as raveling, stripping of asphalt concrete (AC) particles induced by loading of tires and top-down cracking, will be studied. This requires the resolution of three scientific problems, which represent an obstacle to better take into account the aggressiveness of rolling loads: • to better understand the stress and strain fields generated in the wearing course under traffic loads, for different temperature conditions, and also during braking and acceleration phases on AC materials. • to take into account the impact of the behavior of interfaces between asphalt layers on the stress/strain redistribution within the structure, especially close to the pavement surface • to improve the prediction of wearing course lifetime, by studying and modeling the behavior of asphalt under rolling loads and validating the approach by full scale load tests with the IFSTTAR full scale pavement test facility. The critical loads will be used to estimate lifetime of the wearing course. To achieve these goals, various laboratory tests will be performed from micro scale tests till laboratory structure tests in order to reproduce the loadings that the wearing courses encounter in situ during their life time : - rheological characterization of mastic constituting the wearing course and local fracture tests on mastic between two aggregates. - rheological tests on wearing course asphalt mixes - reduced scale laboratory tests, including wheel tracking tests, used to characterize wearing course response under free rolling loads and test simulating surface wear An important modeling work is also planned, for the interpretation of the laboratory tests, and the modeling of the in situ behavior of the wearing courses. DEM will be used and a simplified model will be developped for advanced modelling of pavement with Viscoroute.

Atherothrombosis, a major cause of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, is a process that starts early in childhood and is accelerated by cardiovascular risk factors. The atherogenesis process is targeting initially well-defined arterial sites at risk such as bifurcations, characterized by a sub-optimal vascular protection, exposure to low shear forces and premature endothelial senescence. We will develop bio-inspired lipid nano-droplets (nanoemulsions) loaded with dyes and fluorinated agents for specific targeting and imaging of senescent endothelial cells. Fluorescence modality of nanoemulsions will be applied for in vitro and ex vivo studies in cultured and native healthy and senescent endothelial cells, whereas fluorine-19 MRI modality will allow detecting senescent cells in live animals. The developed “green” nanomaterials composed of non-toxic organic components will provide effective tools for diagnostics and prevention of the development of atherogenesis.