The Data PACT project aims at analysing and fostering data culture through the development of two main activities: the creation of a database about data practices and initiatives in involved European countries and the analyse of publics and practices in a “datafied society”. These two activities will settle the basis of the H2020 proposal : coproduction of new activities with citizens and cocreation of knowledge about and with data. First we think that data culture takes plural form in different social and cultural contexts and is reflected in many practices : mediatic, routine, associative, militant, etc. Second we are convinced that a critical approach is necessary and we strongly disagree with an universalizing and homogenizing conception of data publics and practices. We advance the hypothesis that there are data cultures as a new field of scientific culture and it could be enhancing by establishing links between scientific vulgarization and media literacy. Our goal is to move beyond traditional data literacy endeavours by taking into account activities emerging in societies. Moreover, we firmly believe that, in order to go further on this topic, researchers have to cross their expertise, create new interdisciplinary methods with and for citizens and document their observations and processes. The Data PACT project has configured an academic network from 8 countries in Europe (Belgium, England, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Italy). Several disciplines are represented as the network will working in an interdisciplinarity way: information science, media and communication studies, computer science, design, data science, citizen science. This variety of perspectives is strengthened by different methodological approaches: data analysis, sociological inquiry, visualization techniques, living labs etc. Network members experiment and set up different actions to define, transmit and coproduce data culture: citizen workshop, educational program, data camp, analysis tools, etc. As we explore different fields, it allows us to deal with people practices and to analyze and compare their differences and similarities in regard to established new initiatives. Citizens interact, produce or engage in data-oriented activities in an everyday pace. However, we aim at identifying the different processus ways data cultures are emerging in society. We foresee mainly five fields at this phase: 1) data of everyday things and life (ordinary use of data) 2) retro-engineering (opening the black box and understanding logics of data); 3) data activism (participatory and debate with data); 4) participatory science (citizen as producer and analyst of data with the support of researchers); 5) media data and data art (the use of data from an aesthetic and artistic perspective). Our network targets "Integrating Society in Science and Innovation – An approach to co-creation" H2020. The main goal is to build documentation about practical activities to forther replication, improvement, sharing. The Data PACT project has the intention to, first, conduct a situational analysis of data culture initiatives and events in each involved country. The outcome of this phase takes the form of an opendatabase, which is conceived and configured collectively from its basic structure. In a second and larger phase, the project confronts people to their practices. It is about fostering a reflective thinking on data culture, to unveil contrasts between established practices and emerging ones. Data culture, considered as a new scientific culture, addresses problems of specifications, objectives and methods that propel everyday practices and try to formalize them in order to communicate with other initiatives. The purpose is not strictly to develop a data-driven education or evangelization of data-based methods. We rather describe and understand empirical methods that increase public engagement and encourage the dissemination of data culture.

The project has the European H2020 call SEC-21-GM-2016-2017 ‘Pan European Networks of practitioners and other actors in the field of security’ (category a) as a direct perspective. It aims to establish an international network of forensic physicians and psychiatrists who work in police stations and prison. Depending on the country, these physicians act as independent practitioners or as members of structured institutional teams. They include forensic physicians, psychiatrists and forensic psychiatrists. The communication between the involved practitioners, research activity and scientific publication are scarce, possibly because of the low level of involvement of academic forensic medicine and psychiatry in the fields of police custody and prison. For example, a number of conditions are present so that police custody could be a research topic: (1) a high number of arrestees (around 700,000 in France in 2010); (2) an emotional term that can make newspaper headlines; (3) harsh detention conditions that can make of any health problem a life-threatening event and any death in custody a reason to suspect police misconduct. This is a concern for all European countries. Health issues among detainees do have public health importance and law enforcement officers have a duty to protect detainees. The scope of the project extends to all medical interventions regarding the health of arrestees and detainees. A number of unsolved problems persist despite a national conference on doctor’s attendance on detainees in police custody in 2004: role of local general practitioners, complementarity and articulation between somatic and mental health issues, interventions in cases of custody death, room for public health and prevention actions. The project will cover: (1) the medical implications of less-lethal use of force; (2) the health consequences of violent situations at the time of arrest and during detention, including self-inflicted violence, suicide and other causes of death in custody; (3) the somatic and mental health assessment of detainees; (4) the safety and security of arrestees and detainees: access to care, emergency situations; (5) the health security of the police and custody officers. The homogeneity of the proposed network regards the profession of the participants, who are all medical practitioners and their intervention framework, which focuses on police custody or prison. The participants come from six countries and are all respected actors in the field in Europe. The network aims to achieve the twofold objective of allowing those already concerned to cooperate and of identifying new potential participants across Europe who could join. We also expect a benefit at country level in France. From a longitudinal point of view, the project will participate in the continuity and the coherence of medical interventions from the time of arrest to police cells and detention in prison. From a transversal point of view, the project will harmonise the interventions addressing somatic and mental health issues and improve their quality. The network will allow priorities to be identified as regards the domains requiring more standardization among practitioners from the same country and across European countries.

Our proposal integrates the scientific method with 21st century automation technology, with the goal of making scientific discovery more efficient (cheaper, faster, better). A Robot Scientist is a physically implemented laboratory automation system that exploits techniques from the field of artificial intelligence to execute cycles of scientific experimentation. Our vision is that within 10 years many scientific discoveries will be made by teams of human and robot scientists, and that such collaborations between human and robot scientists will produce scientific knowledge more efficiently than either could alone. In this way the productivity of science will be increased, leading to societal benefits: better food security, better medicines, etc. The Physics Nobel Laureate Frank Wilczek has predicted that the best scientist in one hundred years time will be a machine. The proposed project aims to take that prediction several steps closer. We will develop the AdaLab (an Adaptive Automated Scientific Laboratory) framework for semi-automated and automated knowledge discovery by teams of human and robot scientists. This framework will integrate and advance a number of ICT methodologies: knowledge representation, ontology engineering, semantic technologies, machine learning, bioinformatics, and automated experimentation (robot scientists). We will evaluate the AdaLab framework on an important real-world application in cell biology with biomedical relevance to cancer and ageing. The core of AdaLab will be generic. The expected project outputs include: - An AdaLab demonstrated to be greater than 20% more efficient at discovering scientific knowledge (within a limited scientific domain) than human scientists alone. - A novel ontology for modelling uncertain knowledge that supports all aspects of the proposed AdaLab framework. - The first ever communication mechanism between human and robot scientists that standardises modes of communication, information exchange protocols, and the content of typical messages. - New machine learning methods for the generation and efficient testing of complex scientific hypotheses that are twice as efficient at selecting experiments as the best current methods. - A significant advance in the state-of-the-art in automating scientific discovery that demonstrates its scalability to problems an order of magnitude more complex than currently possible. - Novel biomedical knowledge about cell biology relevant to cancer and ageing. - A strengthened interdisciplinary research community that crosses the boundaries between multiple ICT disciplines, laboratory automation, and biology.