Le projet proposé a pour objectif de développer les stratégies de gestion du patrimoine et les outils technologiques et méthodologiques contribuant significativement à minimiser la gêne occasionnée par les chantiers conduits sur des infrasructures, sous fortes contraintes de circulation, d'exigence des riverains et d'impact environnemental. Cela concerne :_x000D_ - d'une part le développement d'outils amont permettant une évaluation pertinente des différentes stratégies d'entretien et de rénovation d'ouvrages existants sous circulation;_x000D_ - d'autre part la mise au point de stratégies de conception, de conduite de chantiers et d'exploitation prenant en compte l'ensemble du cycle de vie et les impacts socio-économiques, en particulier les coûts d'usage et les externalités.

One of the challenges of the urban development context is a more efficient management of the tension existing between urban reconstruction and urban extension, in particular by providing new alternatives to diffuse peri-urban development, in the shape of projects which link urban development processes more closely to travel conditions and mobility. Sustainable urban development projects, while envisaged from a dual point of view – that of development of buildings and mobility must be able to play a part in the development of the city. The contribution of these development projects to the emergence of sustainable cities will only be possible under certain conditions, which this research project wants to identify and operationalise. These urban development projects constitute the stage for experimenting new operational urban development practices and know-how which attempt to reconcile environmental, social, economic and urban objectives. The issue with which these urban projects are concerned is to distribute, within the chain of players involved in operational urban development (municipal authorities, developers, promoters...) action reference systems, design tools, assessment methods and decision-making aids which take into account the place and impact of the project in the dynamic process of transformation of the city. How can we objectivise dialogue between urban authorities and urbanist/engineer to design, programme and implement urban projects which take due account of the expectations of the citizen versus affordable residential premises, access to mobility, services and local stores, with a quality environment adjacent to the urban centres? How can we design these projects taking account of their impact on the rest of the city, and their contribution to a sustainable urban development path? On a development project scale, how can alternatives be offered in terms of density, social intermingling and urban mobility, and accessibility functions which can respond to the sustainable development strategies of municipal authorities? What design and simulation tools will make it possible to assess gains anticipated by development proposals linking the availability of housing and mobility, and serve as a decision-making aid in the choice of options to be adopted? What are the obstacles to be overcome in terms of land acquisition, funding and legal framework, to undertake the choice of such development options? The proposed project aims at responding to these questions by means of a pragmatic and systemic approach taking due account of interlocking territorial and decision-making scales. The task is to construct methods of assessment and project management, as also decision-making aid tools in particular, for the purpose of: ?integrating the development project in its territorial context, and establishing a link between the project and the sustainable development strategy for the city, as set out in the political and planning documents for the city: Territorial Coherence Scheme (SCOT), Local Urban Development Plan (PLU), Urban Transport Master Plan (PDU) and Local Habitat Programme (PLH); ?designing and assessing proposed actions on a dynamic basis, including at the scale of buildings with their adaptation flexibility with time; ?objectising dialogue between urban authorities and urbanist/engineer, establishing rules enabling the parties to perceive the global impact of the choices they may make as much in terms of urban development as the organisation of travel and transport; ?making decisions based on simulations and comparisons, ensuring that more coherent urban strategies are implemented. Tests will be conducted on urban development projects at various levels of maturity. A recommendation book will be developed for operational actors of the whole chain. The consortium itself assembles actors of this whole chain: city authorities, urbanist/engineers, developer-promoter-operator, research and teaching organisations.

The multitude of complex urban systems, combined with the autonomous of structuring technical systems (hard-wired telecommunications networks, radio, television, mobile communications, rail and other transport networks, water and waste water networks, energy networks, etc.), together with the numerous territorial service organisation and governance levels (city, grouped cities, departmental, regional, state and European levels), induce major malfunctions when problems are encountered. The numerous interactions between these various systems further increase global fragility, even where this multiplicity could be put to good use to transform it into redundancy and the development of interoperability. Any such malfunction is increasingly rejected by urban populations, numerous as they are and widely differing in social and cultural terms, stressed by their day to day environment and fre-quently requiring and expressing substantial expectations in regard to this environment from both the technical, social and human points of view. Globally, the urban system, in common with each of the individual systems on which it is based, is potentially vulnerable to the hazards associated with climate change, natural and technological risks or malevolent acts. These hazards are not new in themselves, but what is new is their frequency and intensity. Despite their different causes, the consequences of these events, in particular in regard to a return to a balanced situation regarded as equivalent to the preceding situation, are of the same nature (interrupted service, destruction, etc.) which is why they can be integrated in the same approach. The main objective of the RESILIS project will consequently be to propose ways and means for reducing the vulnerability of the system and facilitating the recommencement and continuity of activities. Using a long-term oriented systemic approach, we shall firstly be seeking both organisational and methodological responses with the aim of 1) creating synergetic governance of all levels; 2) adopting long-term, responsible management of the networks; 3) devising new design rules for technological tools and 4) and obtaining, by information and suitably adapted awareness enhancement, a positive contribution from populations and the economic players. Importance will also be attached to the predictability angle as, at the current time, predictability levels for systems in the event of a hazardous situation are extremely low, and correct anticipation of the reactions of complex systems is extremely difficult. It will consequently be necessary to extend our knowledge of both threats, initiator effects and weak signals. We shall take the human dimension into account as, through its imagination, adaptability and will to win, mankind can, provided the objectives are clear, overcome certain inadequacies of generic direc-tives and on occasions excessively complex engineering. The consortium set up for the RESILIS project, associating three leading French engineering entities engaged in substantial activities at international level, and research centres of repute both in France and other countries, has brought together the skills and expertise required to establish answers to questions emanating from the project call. This will lead to establishment of the foundations for urban resilience engineering designed to support the decision makers, economic players and populations in the development of genuine urban resilience.

The action of research focus on the untreated fine behavior of the soil constructions, and the the hydromechanical not saturated coupling. This domain of behavior is not taken into account in the design of such constructions, it is not teached in schools and no reference guide dealing with this problem exists. The most used professionnal guide GTR indicates the conditions of use of materials (traficability and compaction). Nevertheless, the problems of stability of the constructions in fine soils, their breath (frost / unfrost, moistening, infiltration / evaporation, capillary) and deformations associated during the construction or after the reception of the construction are not approached. The analysis of the pathologies on the existing soils constructions shows that the majority of the disorders are connected to unknown hydric conditions into fine soil constructions.. The TerreDurable project provides a guide needed by profession and gives a methodology of design which is founded on on scientific data and on experience of the practitioners. The objective of this project is to propose a methodology of study for the new soil constructions but also for the repair of the existing constructions which present disorders connected to the unsaturation phenomena. The project should be labelled by the center of excellence INDURA