CORE contributes to Horizon 2020’s focus on secure societies where citizens are facing increasingly threatening situations. It is built on the activities and results of previous and on-going projects and is driven by end-users within the consortium and their wider stakeholder networks. CORE will develop a harmonized vision of crisis management awareness and overcoming, through a transdisciplinary collaboration involving the environmental science and social science communities. In this way, human factors, social, societal and organizational aspects can be supported by the scientific results obtained in research on environmental and anthropogenic risks. CORE will identify and use best practice and knowledge/learning from certain countries with high levels of risk but where risk awareness is high and will provide optimized actions and solutions to help restructure and rebuild socio-economic structures after a disaster that is essential for the European society. CORE is a multi-disciplinary consortium across and outside Europe established to understand how to define common metrics with respect to the different natural and man-made disaster scenarios, and how to measure, control and mitigate the impact on the populations. Special attention will be given to vulnerable groups: disabled, elderly, poor, as well as women and children. CORE will lead to more efficient policies, governance structures and broad awareness and collaboration among citizens and rescue agencies. Best practices will be identified and reported to policymakers, end-users and disseminated to all stakeholders and NGOs. CORE will devote great attention to education in schools and the training activities are also intended to be an "awareness campaign" for young people about the vulnerability of the weak categories that cannot rely on advanced means of communication and of their importance. The young generation, used to the most advanced technologies, might become a sort of "prevention sentinels".

As risks are not “objective” but socially and culturally constructed, disaster management which is aware, respects, and makes use of local cultural aspects will be not only more effective but, at the same time, also improve the community’s disaster coping capacities. CARISMAND is setting out to identify these factors, to explore existing gaps and opportunities for improvement of disaster policies and procedures, and to develop a comprehensive toolkit which will allow professional as well as voluntary disaster managers to adopt culturally-aware everyday practices. This goal will be achieved by approaching the links, and gaps, between disaster management, culture and risk perception from the broadest possible multi-disciplinary perspective and, simultaneously, developing a feedback-loop between disaster management stakeholders and citizens to establish, test, and refine proposed solutions for culturally-informed best practices in disaster management. Whilst experts from a variety of fields (in particular legal, IT, cognitive science, anthropology, psychology, sociology) will undertake a comprehensive collation of existing knowledge and structures, a number of Citizen Summits and Stakeholder Assemblies will be organised. Systematically, CARISMAND will use an approach that examines natural, man-made and technical disasters, placing at the centre of attention specific aspects that affect culturally informed risk perceptions, eg whether disasters are caused intentionally or not, the different “visibility” of hazards, and various time scales of disasters such as slow/fast onset and short- and long-term effects. By organising six Citizen Summits (two per disaster category per year in two separate locations) where such disaster risks are prevalent , and three Stakeholder Assemblies (one per year) where the results are discussed through a wide cross-sectional knowledge transfer between disaster managers from different locations as well as from different cultural backgrounds.

Large scale crises are affecting critical infrastructures with a growing frequency. This is a result of both basic exposure and dependencies between infrastructures. Because of prohibitive costs, the paradigm of protection against extreme events is expanding and now also encompasses the paradigm of resilience. In addition to strengthening and securing systems; system design objectives are now being set, and response planning is being carried out, to facilitate a fast recovery of infrastructure following a large scale incident. With an interconnected European society, countries and infrastructures are increasingly reliant upon their neighbours, both under normal operating conditions and in the event of an incident. Despite this, there is no common European methodology for measuring resilience or for implementing resilience concepts, and different countries and sectors employ their own techniques. There is also no shared, well-developed system-of-systems approach, which would be able to test the effects of dependencies and interdependencies between individual critical infrastructures and sectors. This increases the risk as a result of reliance on critical infrastructures, as well as affects the ability for sharing resources for incident planning due to no common terminology or means of expressing risk. The overall objective of IMPROVER is to improve European critical infrastructure resilience to crises and disasters through the implementation of combinations of societal, organisational and technological resilience concepts to real life examples of pan-European significance, including cross-border examples. This implementation will be enabled through the development of a methodology based on risk evaluation techniques and informed by a review of the positive impact of different resilience concepts on critical infrastructures. The methodology will be cross sectoral and will provide much needed input to standardisation of security of infrastructure.

The key concept and vision of RISE is to promote a paradigm shift in how earthquake risk is perceived and managed. We believe that by taking advantage of advances in scientific understanding, and dramatically changing technological capabilities, earthquake hazard and risk will soon be appreciated not as a constant in time, but as an evolving, integrated and dynamic risk. In our concept, dynamic risk depends on location, changing with soil conditions, topography, structural type, occupancy and use and even location within a structure. However, dynamic risk also includes changes with time, for example increasing when a seismic sequence is active nearby and due to an improved dynamic geophysical understanding of faulting and earthquake processes. RISE proposes a series of coordinated activities in the domains of Operational Earthquake Forecasting, Earthquake Early Warning, Rapid Loss Assessment and Recovery and Rebuilding Efforts. Our approach is multi-disciplinary, involving earth-scientists, engineering-scientists, computer scientists, and social scientists. It is multi-scale in space and time, and addresses these scales in a highly systemic and consistent way. RISE joins with EPOS Integrated Core Service and several of the Thematic Core Services (TCS), with ARISTOTLE and the Copernicus Emergency Management Service. Integration will also include responsible national agencies in Italy, Turkey, Iceland, Israel and Switzerland and with selected industry partners. To maximise the impact of RISE, we have assembled an interdisciplinary team of truly outstanding researchers and practitioners, 37 PIs from 24 institutions (including 5 contributing partners from outside of Europe), in 13 countries, with documented experience on the topics of the project developed in previous FP6, FP7, and H2020 projects.

Geo-INQUIRE will provide and enhance access to selected key data, products, and services, enabling the dynamic processes within the geosphere to be monitored and modelled at new levels of spatial and temporal detail and precision. Geo-INQUIRE aims to overcome cross-domain barriers, especially the land-sea-atmosphere environments, and will exploit innovative data management techniques, modelling and simulations methods, developments in AI and big data, and extend existing data infrastructures to disseminate these resources to the wider scientific community, including the EOSC landscape. Geo-INQUIRE benefits from a unique partnership of 51 partners consisting of major national research institutes, universities, national geological surveys, and European consortia. Geo-INQUIRE will enhance and make interoperable the activities of the involved partners and conduct dedicated training programs for their optimal use. A portfolio of over 150 Virtual Access (VA) and Transnational Access (TA, both virtual and on-site) installations will be offered to the scientific community. While many such resources are already available at a high level of maturity, Geo-INQUIRE will ensure that they not only reach the highest level of scientific excellence through targeted actions on availability, quality, and spatial and temporal resolution, but also that they follow FAIR principles, adopt proper standards and open licenses, and aim at cross-disciplinary interoperability. Furthermore, the integration of different data, including new observables, products, and services will be optimized through TA activities via 6 test beds, which will also host workshops and summer schools dealing with the available resources. Ultimately, Geo-INQUIRE, with its enhanced data, product, and service portfolio, will enable the next generation of scientists to carry out leading-edge research addressing societal challenges from a multidisciplinary perspective, making intelligent use of these resources.