ACROPICS addresses the need for sustainable agricultural practices that use little to no harmful crop protection inputs. ACROPICS (1) reinforces 12 place-based co-innovation initiatives involving local actors implementing agroecological crop protection (ACP), (2) connects these initiatives to each other and to research & innovation teams worldwide, (3) produces scientific evidence of the sustainability of ACP systems, (4) supports these initiatives via international research and innovation actions, (5) highlights these initiatives at the international level, and (6) contributes to creating and training an intersectoral network of teams and (future) experts promoting ACP. ACROPICS associates 15 organisations (12 academic, 3 non-academic) with biological, ecological and social science expertise. It plans staff exchanges among academia, biocontrol industries and 12 sustainable agriculture systems (SAS) in 10 countries. Collaborative activities will (1) co-design and implement innovation strategies (coupling ecological, technical and organisational/institutional innovations in an innovation push/pull approach), (2) produce knowledge enabling ACP innovations (certification schemes, ecological infrastructures, etc.), and (3) produce sustainability assessments and communicate them to a wide range of stakeholders, from growers to policy-makers and investors. Expected results and impacts are: the creation of a core team of an emerging large-scale international initiative on ACP; drastic increases of sustainability in 12 systems covering main crop types and further impact on >100 similar systems worldwide via dissemination in connected networks; state-of-the art research results promoting ACP; training of future researchers with hybrid expertise adapted to the challenges faced by ACP; engagement of a large number stakeholders across food value chains; demonstration and exploitation of new innovations ranging from certification schemes to biocontrol products and services.

The Directive 2009/128/EC sets rules in EU for the sustainable use of pesticides to reduce the risks and impacts of pesticide use on people's health and the environment. Among the listed actions there is the promotion of low pesticide-input management including non-chemical methods. In parallel several chemical active ingredients have been banned because of toxicity concerns. The result is that growers are left with few control tools against pests. On the other hand most of the available alternative control methods have several limitations, especially in term of efficacy. Several new ideas are not reaching the industry and are confined in the academic world. The concept behind this EIT is to explore new approaches to identify new cutting edge solutions for pest control based on new non classical approaches in strict collaboration with industrial partner and to train 11 highly skilled early stage researchers (ESR) through a doctoral programme that integrates 5 academic research with concept-driven product development in 6 EU companies with a strong curriculum in development and innovation within a large interdisciplinary environment. Microorganisms are often used so far as replacement of chemical active ingredients. The innovative aspect of this EID is to base the new pest control solutions on interactions of microorganisms with plants and insects rather than using them as plant protection products. Microorganisms’ unsurpassed inclination towards the association with eukaryotic macro-organisms determines traits and qualities in the host that harbours them. Microbial symbionts’ ability to profoundly transform their living habitat paves the way for unexplored outlooks in the ability to use microbial symbioses as sustainable and renewable tools to improve production and quality in agriculture. Microorganisms are key players in shaping several insect’s semiochemicals, in particular kairomones indicating a food source or oviposition site for some insect species.

Plant pests and pathogens damage agricultural production and endanger food security. Their control relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides, leading to a negative environmental impact. Developing new methods for pest and pathogen control is therefore essential to safeguard human health and meet the challenge of increasing crop yields, while reducing the use of chemical pesticides. The overarching objective of the NextGenBioPest project is to meet this need by delivering novel and improved products, methods, and practices for the rational control of the most difficult-to-manage arthropod pests and pathogens, with substantially reduced pesticide use. The project will provide a new toolkit for plant protection in key vegetable and fruit crops including diagnostics for pest and pathogen identification and incrimination, novel Biological Control Agents and methods to augment their performance in the field, RNA-based pesticides, Low Risk/Green chemicals, plant resistance inducers and innovative agronomic and ecological practices. These innovations will be integrated with existing approaches, to achieve effective, environment friendly and sustainable crop protection. They will be validated in large field studies, with both their efficiency and socioeconomic impact assessed. Demonstration fields, extensive training and modern targeted communication channels, will enable the appropriate dissemination and uptake of the outcomes to the stakeholders and end users. Data protection and commercialization strategies will ensure their exploitation. These goals will be achieved by integrating leading institutional and industrial partners with drivers of pest control programs. The multidisciplinary and multi-actor team will exploit their diverse expertise, access to extensive preliminary data and resources, and strong networks, to meet the project objectives and ensure the knowledge and tools generated deliver economic, ecological and societal impact.

Low risk pesticides (LRP) including (i) plant extracts (ii) semiochemicals like pheromones and allelochemicals, (iii) microbial pesticides, are gaining ground in the global market, as substitutes of synthetic pesticides. In addition, new microbial solutions (phages, protists, microbial consortia) and ds-RNA pesticides are emerging, low-risk solutions expect to reach the market in coming years. Despite on-going regulatory efforts by the European Commission, we are still lacking a concrete risk assessment (RA) scheme relevant to LRPs, a point which blocks LRPs reaching the EU market. RATION timely comes to address these regulatory constraints and aims to develop a novel RA scheme, supported by the necessary guidance on methods and tools, tailored to the specific characteristics of established and emerging LRP solutions. This main goal will be achieved through a series of interrelated WPs aiming (i) to map the current status of LRPs in Europe and identify main regulatory constraints (WP1). In this quest it will be supported by a stakeholders forum composed of all relevant actors (industry, regulators, academics, famers, general public); (ii) to develop and validate, through a proof-of-concept exercise, innovative RA (and associated tools) for microbials (WP2), plant extracts, semiochemicals, pheromones (WP3) and, ds-RNA (WP4); and from there (iii) build a harmonized RA for all LRP and determine its socioeconomic impact (WP5), (iv) to effectively communicate and disseminate the new RA knowledge and its associated tools developed by RATION to relevant actors ensuring sustainability beyond project duration (WP6). RATION will benchmark EU regulatory science, uplift blockers holding back LRP uptake by the EU market and motivate research innovation in plant protection. To achieve these goals 22 partners from academia, industry and regulatory bodies, representing 10 member states and 2 non-EU member states, will join forces in a multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary effort.

Biocontrol is usually enhanced at higher natural enemy diversity, but an important challenge is to know which natural enemy cocktails (i.e. combinations) are best to control pests. The positive effect of enemy diversity on biocontrol emerges when natural enemies complement each other (the “complementarity effect”). This effect can be dampened when enemies engage in antagonistic interactions (the “antagonistic effect”). Intraguild predation occurs when two predators that share a prey also feed on each other, and is one of the antagonistic interactions that worries biocontrol stakeholders the most. The conditions under which complementarity and intraguild predation promote or impair biocontrol are little understood, and conclusive experimental evidence that tests the relative role of these two opposing forces is lacking. The overarching aim of this project is to uncover the interacting effect of complementarity and intraguild predation between natural enemies as drivers of successful biocontrol. This will allow us to design natural enemy cocktails to be tested in commercial greenhouses. This project is structured in three axes, (i) the first is experimental and will be developed at the UMR CBGP (Centre pour la Biologie et la Gestion des Populations) in Montpellier. (ii) The second will be developed at ISEM (Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier) in Montpellier and will use data from experiments to build theoretical models to better understand species interactions. (iii) Based on the experiments and theory we will select the best enemy cocktails, which will be mass produced and tested in commercial greenhouses by Biobest France, the industrial partner. This project will provide new breakthroughs in insect ecology, and will also provide a roadmap for the selection of natural enemies in biocontrol. Better biocontrol technologies will reduce chemical inputs in agriculture, a key element for a fair, healthy and an environmentally-friendly food system.