The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is the world’s largest and most sensitive low frequency radio telescope and a prominent national and international scientific facility. Thanks to its spectral coverage (10-250 MHz) and resolution, it has opened up new areas of studies in astrophysics ranging from the early Universe to transient phenomena, pulsars, solar studies, and galaxy clusters science. After initial processing, the data from the telescope are sent to the LOFAR long-term archive (LTA) for open distribution to the Worldwide community. More than 50 PB of data (~43 PB publicly available) have been delivered to the community through the LTA. Due to intrinsic challenges related to the reduction of low-frequency data, LOFAR has so far attracted mostly expert users and thus its scientific impact has been hindered. Innovative techniques are now available to efficiently and automatically handle these challenges, therefore ASTRON is preparing to offer services to generate science-ready data, which will attract a much wider community of users. This will generate a dramatic increase of the science output from the instrument. This is the aim of the LOFAR Data Valorization (LDV) project, which will apply the innovative reduction routines on all the LOFAR data hosted at SURFsara (~28 PB). The LDV project will follow a staged approach and will last for 3 years. In this proposal, we request SURFsara resources for the first two years of the project to increase the value of the data in the LTA and prepare it for very low frequency (~ 50 MHz) and long-baseline science. Resources for the final step of the project will be requested in a follow-up proposal. LDV will have close and crucial interaction with various granted projects, like EGI-ACE, DICE, ESCAPE, and FUSE. These will help bring to a production level the processing routines and infrastructures currently under development. In this proposal, we request 1,500,000 core hours, 1,100 TB of disk storage, and 600 TB of temporary tape capacity in addition to resources that can be allocated from associated projects to enable a successful conclusion of the initial two phases of the LDV project.

In Bangladesh, 35% of children are chronically undernourished and their diets deficient in vitamins and minerals. Homestead gardening can provide a source of fresh fruit and vegetables to enrich diets. However, land for gardening is often not very fertile and commercial mineral fertilizers are expensive and difficult to dose. Urine is a highly efficient fertilizer, but underused because of odour. Biochar is a porous material with highly adsorptive properties that can soak up urine and transform it into an odourless solid fertilizer that increases soil organic matter, biological activity and water-holding capacity. It can be produced from crop waste in soil-pit kilns at village level. BUNCH2Scale will work with farmers to scale up biochar-based organic fertilizer production to 48 villages in rural Bangladesh. Collaborating with local NGO field workers and research institutions, HKI Bangladesh will evaluate the potential of this novel method for improving soils and increasing garden production.

When two atomic nuclei collide at high energy in a particle accelerator, they generate an extremely strong magnetic field, the strongest yet probed by scientists. I studed this phenomenon by looking at an observable called directed flow, which measures the imbalance in the production of negatively and positively charged particles relative to a reference plane. With my research, I provided the first indication of how such a strong magnetic fields produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions influence the behavior of particles produced in the aftermath.

The birth of philosophy in ancient Greece, the fall of the Roman Empire, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, the Holocaust: such emblematic historical moments are regarded as the building blocks of a quintessentially European past. But how "European" is this past if many in the non-European world have claimed competing representations of it as their own, and if many in the European world, in turn, have appropriated non-European claims to bolster their own sense of identity? This CRP argues that, far from being Europes exclusive property, the pasts constructed through such emblematic moments were shaped in global circulations of meaning, and that their ongoing significance is the result of situated co-productions in Europe and East Asia. Our aim is to trace how intellectual entanglements across the Eurasian region from 1600 to the present shaped the conceptualization of historical temporalities, or "chronotypes." To substantiate this hypothesis, we examine four such chronotypes, those of "awakening and rebirth, "recurrence and return," "decline and fall, and "timelessness and permanence." Through academic works, exhibitions, teaching modules, public lectures and discussions, produced by an advanced postdoctoral team, the CRP will impact both scholars and non-academic stakeholders by piercing culturalist myths of nationally-owned "pasts" in Europe and East Asia.

The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is the world’s largest and most sensitive low frequency radio telescope with unprecedented spectral coverage (10-250 MHz) and resolution. After initial processing, the astronomical data are sent to the LOFAR long-term archive (LTA, currently hosting about 55 PB of data) for distribution to the Worldwide community. The LOFAR Data Valorization (LDV) project will apply innovative reduction routines to the data hosted at SURF, making LOFAR more accessible to users, increasing its science output, and reducing the data volume.