Pharmaceuticals have undoubtably made our world a better place, ensuring longer and healthier lives. However, pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites are rapidly emerging environmental toxicants. It is thus critical that we fully understand, and mitigate where nec-essary, the environmental impact resulting from their production, use and disposal. In this direction, ENVIROMED addresses two aspects of the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals, a) impact of the processes in manufacturing the compound, and b) impact of the compound itself, during its lifecycle. The project narrows the knowledge gap when it comes to the effect of pharmaceutical compounds, and their derivatives, in the environment as it enables the better understanding the environmental impact of such compounds, throughout their lifecycle. It aims to offer (via extensive monitoring campaigns & scientific studies) information regarding occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, their persistence, environmental fate, and toxicity (via in-vitro & in-vivo models) as well as application of in-silico methods to provide information about the basic risk management and fate prediction in the environment. Brief ideas about toxicity endpoints, available ecotoxicity databases, and expert systems employed for rapid toxicity predictions of ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals will also be taken into account, in order to have a comprehensive approach to pharmaceuticals' Lifecycle Assessment (LCA). Moreover, the project aims at developing a set of technologies that enable greener and overall, more efficient pharmaceuticals production, which include: a) Green-by-design in-silico drug development; b) Novel sensing to allow reduction of rinsing chemicals and cycles; c) a robust Continuous Biomanufacturing line (CBM), which makes use of AI-enabled process optimisation and prediction, using data assimilation based on chemical sensing and energy disaggregation/monitoring. Training activities and a robust exploitation

LENS is a project aiming at assisting enforcement authorities, cities and regulators to decrease the contribution of L-category vehicles (LVs: mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles and quadri-mobiles) to noise and air-pollution. This is achieved by developing and promoting interventions and best practices that can address the noise and pollutant emissions of current fleet vehicles and by making suggestions for regulations to improve the performance of future vehicles. Interventions for the current fleet range from vehicle measures (speed limiters, digital sealing) to infrastructure (traffic calming and restrictions), tampering detection and anti-tampering enforcement and smart apps that guide riders to adopt more environmentally and less noisy riding slides. Suggestions for regulations include the control of emissions under real driving conditions and the regulatory enforcement of anti-tampering measures. The expected impact of these measures will be demonstrated by simulations in three actual case studies in locations which are negatively impacted by the operation of LVs. An extensive test programme of noise and pollutant emissions on more than 150 LVs is proposed - including on-board, on-track and in-lab tests – to collect the necessary performance data. Portable sensor-based and mini-analyser measurement systems are being developed in the project to characterise gaseous and particulate pollutants, including nanoparticles down to 2.5 nm under actual operation conditions. A new technique based on the remote detection of gaseous emissions, nanoparticles and sound levels of singular vehicles on the road is being proposed with the aim to detect worst noise and emission LVs, including tampered ones. The technique will be deployed in 3 real-world campaigns with the intention to sample more than 3,000 LVs on the road. A smart app will be enhanced with project findings to assist riders adopt a more city-friendly riding style in terms of noise and emissions.

The PEMs4Nano project (P4N) addresses the development (based on current direct injection gasoline engines) of measurement procedures down to 10nm, providing a contribution to future regulation on particle emissions, in particular in real driving conditions. The activities planned in the project will also support the understanding, measurement and regulation of particle emissions below 23 nm (with the threshold of at least 10 nm). Societal concerns for the environment include both fuel consumption and noxious emissions, as well as the awareness that meeting CO2-goals with newest technologies may also lead to the emission of smaller nanoparticles that are undetected by current certification procedures. Hence P4N has the goal to develop measurement procedures that are robust and reliable for both the development of the new engine technologies, as well as serving as a solid basis for new regulations. This has the advantage of establishing a solid content link between development activities and regulation. Two complementary measurement systems will be optimized for use in the development laboratory and for mobile testing based on current technologies. Given the numerous parameters associated with the engine (combustion and exhaust systems) technologies and measurement procedures; physico-chemical and data-driven simulations combined with optimization is proposed to establish valuable correlations between measurements made in the development laboratory and thus finally those measured on the road. PEMs4nano thus proposes a two path approach that connects tailpipe measurements with the origin and the evolution of the particles, resulting in a seamless approach from the laboratory to the field test capabilities. Investigations of particle characteristics (incl.composition, size and morphology) and their influence on successful measurements will also be carried out using various load profiles that make up real-driving to validate the application of the measurement procedure