iLEAnet innovation by Law Enforcement Agencies networking The goal of the present network proposal is to provide to ENSP (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de la Police) the means • to start building a European research and science network related to innovation in Law Enforcement • and thus to build a consortium and develop a research proposal for a Coordination and Support action that will be submitted to the call by DG HOME of the European Commission for a project in the Horizon2020 Secure Societies programme under the topic “H2020 SEC-21 GM 2016-2017 Pan European Networks of practitioners and other actors in the field of security - (a) Practitioners (end-users) in the same discipline and from across Europe”, due for submission to the European Commission on 25 August 2016. The European Union wishes to support networks of practitioners by discipline, i.e. in the same field of activity, in order to initiate and pursue research and innovation, to identify common research and innovation needs, to promote the uptake of results from already funded research activities, to leverage best practices and to shape future standardisation efforts. In particular DG HOME calls for networks of practitioners across the European Union and by discipline to jointly shape research agendas and define requirements, launch pre-commercial procurement, share best practices and drive research in their respective areas. The expected impact of these networks includes as stated by the call text: • Common understanding of innovation potential, more widely accepted understanding, expression of common innovation and standardization needs among practitioners in the same discipline... • …Synergies with already established European, national and sub-national networks of practitioners, even if these networks are for the time being only dedicated to aspects of practitioners' work unrelated to research and innovation (in general, to the coordination of their operations). It is critical for France to have a strong role in this endeavour. By taking the initiative of the iLEAnet project, ENSP will contribute to this objective. iLEAnet aims at contributing to useful, usable and used science, research and innovation addressing key challenges of LEAs (Law Enforcement Agencies). iLEAnet’s mission will be to build a LEA practitioners network centred on innovation and connected with the RDI stakeholder communities to • help emerge RDI (RDI = Research, Development and Innovation) strategies centred on LEA challenges and priorities, • render this RDI effective through structured dialogue between researchers and practitioners • and favour the uptake of results in the form of solutions, standards, best practices and policy evolutions. iLEAnet will contribute to developing a sustainable community for LEA-centred research and innovation, connecting a network of stakeholder networks in LEA challenge centred innovation, thereby inducing a ecosystem to foster synergies, innovation and its uptake. Ongoing LEA relevant national and European research projects will be able to optimise their communication and dissemination by interacting with iLEAnet. iLEAnet will also cooperate with other practitioners networks, in particular those funded under SEC-21-GM, on issues of shared interest, to optimise synergies, for mutual learning and networking opportunities across stakeholder communities. Last but not least, the iLEAnet findings and results are expected to contribute to the development of new strategies for the European security industry and hence foster the LEA specific part of the European security marketplace and strengthening European competitiveness in this important global market.

Identity-related frauds represent a major risk on the society safety given its serious consequences. These consequences may vary from small but very frequent frauds (telecom contracts, small credits, etc.) to transnational organized crimes and terrorist actions. An increasing number of false identity documents have been detected during the last few years, according to several official studies around the globe. The fast development of such criminal activities can be explained by an easy and public access to advanced technologies. Several studies have reported the organized nature of ID fraud activities and the progress of such black market. In order to fight against identity-related frauds, traditional investigation methods applied to identity documents (ID) rely on the presence of an expert, which significantly reduces the spread of such important verification in many administrative and commercial entities. In addition, existing ID control tools have shown several limitations, such as high false positive rates (rejection of valid documents), partial controls or nonexistent evolving capacities (new ID models, new control rules). Because of these shortcomings, automatic verification tools have not been widely used and their role has been reduced to data memorizing and simple assistance tasks. When ID frauds are detected, it is important to discover forensic links in order to identify the source of those frauds. Current investigation methods do not sufficiently address this problem and are still based on case-by-case approaches with no global analysis. However, an efficient automatic fraud pro ling system allowing to ID fraud link detection will certainly be of great benefit to anti-fraud authorities and will help to uncover many forgery worldwide networks. The core idea of IDFRAud, our proposition of an industrial research project, is to establish a virtuous circle between two processes: (1) the automatic verification of ID documents, and (2) the automatic profiling of ID frauds. The first process applies control rules on ID documents in order to check their validity, and sends detected ID frauds to the second process that analyzes them in order to discover forensic links (fraud profiling), and to enhance the ID control rules. Control rules are stored and maintained in a knowledge base in order to facilitate the system evolution. The knowledge base is also fed with existing repositories of ID document models (like Prado1) and ID frauds. In fact, adding new control rules enables more robust future ID controls, which in turn enable the detection of more ID frauds, and forensic links. The first originality of IDFRAud is to propose an automatic solution for ID verification that can handle documents issued from a large set of countries. The solution will be able to execute specific controls according to the ID model (type, country, generation, etc) thanks to a knowledge base. ID content and rules modeling is one of the main originalities of IDFRAud. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing formal description of ID documents and existing public and industrial ID knowledge bases cannot be directly used for automatic reading and verification. ID fraud automatic profiling represents a major ambition of IDFRAud. Experts from national security authorities along with academic and industrial partners will work side by side to propose the first data analysis solution dedicated to ID forensic link detection. Such intelligent solution aims at replacing the manual fastidious analysis that can hardly cope with a high-dimensional evolving false ID datasets.

Trafficking in cultural property, in addition to its impact on world heritage, also represents a gigantic underground economy that plays on borders and participates in the financing of criminal and terrorist groups. For several years, the fight against trafficking in cultural property has been the subject of numerous actions to help the various actors involved in their daily work. All the actions undertaken aim to strengthen the protection of this heritage and require a different perspective based on the widest possible cooperation between the various professional players in the field of cultural heritage. At the national level, this desire to bring together police forces and archaeologists materialized in 2016 through the POLAR project. Following this cooperation, a first request was made to the ANR for MRSEI funding in order to bring this collaboration to a European level and to open it to a wider range of actors (museums, transnational organizations, non-governmental organizations ...). This funding enabled the setting up and success of two H2020 projects, NETCHER and PREVISION, launched in 2019. NETCHER has taken up the complex challenge of harmonizing and linking existing initiatives in a structured network supported by a digital collaborative platform. PREVISION project aimed to provide practitioners with advanced hardware support to analyze multiple metadata streams from diverse sources. The excellent results obtained in these two projects (creation of a network of 288 experts from 29 countries for NETCHER and setting up of a consortium of 28 entities from 13 countries for PREVISION), allow us to consider taking a new step forward. The SyNAAPTIC Tool proposal aims to benefit from the cross-fertilization of these expertises and to initiate a new consortium in the European landscape. Based on a very active relational framework, the mobilization of the different actors, the tools deployed, the use cases and the expressions of professional needs convinced us that a further step could be proposed. Its objective is to better understand the shortcomings of the systems and to fight with a set of tools available to European partners. The driving concept of the SyNAAPTIC Tool project would be the conjunction of a powerful image matching and identification tool such as PREVISION with a network of experts in the form of a modern intelligent networking platform (with indexing of expert skills). A major proposal for this call would be to centralize and standardize the European national databases of stolen cultural objects, but also the positive databases (museum, academic or informative Europeana type). This would allow to: · Centralize "object" data in a single format to promote interoperability. · Optimize research capacities (data and computing resources). · Provide police officers with a unique reference when discovering cultural artifacts. · Rapidly create corpuses of crisis zones, drawn up by teams of zone-experts. · Raise awareness among local populations as well as European citizens. We can meet these high expectations of European Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) by developing a specific market surveillance tool that would not only be able to regularly scan sites and catalogs, create a history of transactions but also, by programming it, analyse sales and resale cycles, distribution networks and isolate sales patterns that could lead to the identification of criminal networks and art laundering. This project should serve as a basis for future training modules for professionals involved in the fight against this traffic as well as for raising public awareness.

Looting and trafficking of cultural heritage from conflict areas to the European markets stand for an increasing phenomenon with strong consequences in terms of security, economics, culture and society. Smugglers take advantage of disparate frameworks, providing the artefacts with a fake background in order to give them the appearance of legality, before proposing them to the market. Although the protagonists in the fight (law enforcement agencies, justice, structures devoted to cultural heritage, art market) can know each other, the potential for cooperation still remains underexploited: time, resources and space limitations, discrepancies between approaches, practices and work cultures. The gap which is noticeable at the national level gets broader at the European scale. Nevertheless, each of those professional bodies is keeping a part of the solution: resource inventory, knowledge of the artefacts, production areas and fraudulent cases, proof culture, rates and trends changing. A cooperation protocol as well as a Pan-European collaborative tool for control, able to cross investigation data, are strongly required. POLAR project (“POLice and ARchaeology against cultural heritage trafficking”) was born in 2016 through the National Council of Scientific Research “Attentats Recherche” special call for proposals. It aims to identify relevant structures and tools, facilitating dialogue between professional spheres (methodology sharing, legal frameworks, slowdown levers identification). It is composed of three phases: Understand, Act and Prevent. As POLAR implies to work at the European level, an international consortium is currently built in keeping with professional divisions such as LEAs/Justice/Cultural Heritage/Art Market. The Cultural Heritage team maps the “artefacts in peril” as presented on the ICOM Red Lists. A digital tool will be built in order to find occurrences on Internet and to compare the proposed background to the archaeological evidences. In so doing, the protocol will reinforce the expertise and detect possibly fraudulent cases. If needed and according to the recognitions, a warning notice could be transmitted to the authorities. The approach will offer guarantees to honest buyers and sellers, avoiding the potential misfortunes related to ancient transactions led without due diligence and facilitating the lasting recovery of misled-traceability works of art, bringing the proof of the ancient provenance. POLAR will lead to training and information actions in a complex and unknown field. The dissemination phase implies to explore restitution ways for saved artefacts. Those actions will help to know more about them and to raise public awareness. Outputs are expected in the field of security, economics, society and culture. POLAR manages a large quantity of data, opening up fieldworks and enable the expression of innovative methodologies in order to face a security challenge. This cooperation is brand new in its form and breadth. A consultation about frames, methods and strategy is required to tackle the European scale. The planned call for the proposal is SU-FCT03-2018 (republished in 2019-2020): Information and data stream management to fight against (cyber)crime and terrorism. The ANR MRSEI tool seems to be the appropriate launch pad in order to lead the preliminary discussions, reinforce the consortium and provide it with the dedicated working space. The project also meets the needs of the SU-TRANSFORMATIONS-09-2018 call, whose topic is « Social platform on endangered cultural heritage and on illicit trafficking of cultural goods ». For this one, the deadline for submission is 13 March 2018, without assurance of renewal, which imply a more tightened calendar.

ANCHISE - ‘Applying New solutions for Cultural Heritage protection by Innovative, Scientific, social and economic Engagement’ aims at offering to European societies efficient methods, knowledge and toolkit to enhance the protection of cultural heritage against looting and illicit trafficking. Crossing the methodology of networking that has proved its efficiency in the H2020 NETCHER project with the innovative results of new technologies developments (3D/photogrammetry for site monitoring, data engineering and AI for border control object identification and heritage collection protection, spectral fluorescence signature for object authentication), ANCHISE will create an operational set of tools applicable for European contexts and replicable in other situations abroad. The aim of the project is to bring coordinated solutions to the key existing needs in the domain of Cultural heritage protection: 1) Understand, 2) Prevent, 3) Act, 4) Repair. ANCHISE will consist of: 1) a hub of social science, politics and economics (for in-depth results likely to lead to structural evolutions in heritage protection), 2) a large-scale evaluation of technologies and needs, 3) a toolkit of innovative solutions, 4) pilot experimentation areas (museums, border control, archaeological sites), and 5) a unique and wide network of practitioners. 9 demonstrations will involve at list 150 practitioners. Guidelines and procedures on the use of ANCHISES tools will be largely disseminated (INTERPOL, PANDORA, institutions in charge of cultural heritage). The Consortium is a strong partnership of leading stakeholders in the fight against illicit trafficking of cultural objects: companies (PARCS, ICONEM, INOV), research centres (FRAUNHOFER, ICCS, Cyprus Institute), universities (French School at Athens, University Lyon 2, University of Poitiers, EUI Florence, Cyprus University of Technology), practitioners (France’s National Police College, ICOM), and associations (Michael Culture).