Nosocomial pneumonia is the second most common and most frequently fatal hospital-acquired infection worldwide. Previous understanding of lung health depicted a dichotomous view of microbial status (sterile vs. infected), leading to "one-size-fits-all" treatments that primarily target pathogens but neglect the complex host-microbiome interaction. The RESTORE hypothesis is that re-establishing the healthy respiratory microbiome core using a probiotic composed of lung-specific commensal bacteria and/or their derived metabolites can mitigate pneumonia severity by modulating pathogens and mucosal immunity. My main objectives are: 1) define lung-specific bacterial consortium and their derived metabolites/peptides, whose elimination is associated with pneumonia severity; 2) test their effects in vitro on commensal bacteria and pathogens; and 3) evaluate their impact on pathogens multiplication, microbiome composition, and lung mucosal immunity. I will use data from existing cohorts to identify bacterial consortia with pneumonia severity and integrate multi-omics data to characterize these consortia and their metabolic products. Then, I will assess the interactions within the bacterial consortium and their effects on pathogens by analyzing the growth and transcriptional responses. Finally, I will investigate their therapeutic potential in pneumonia mice models, focusing on pathogen burden, microbiome composition, transcriptomic activity, and immune modulation using single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. RESTORE represents a pioneering approach by leveraging the lung microbiome to develop non-antibiotic, lung-specific strategies, addressing the complexity of pneumonia pathophysiology beyond pathogen eradication. By employing a multi-disciplinary integration of cutting-edge methodologies, this project could revolutionize pneumonia treatment and potentially extend to other infectious diseases.

While the history of translation is a field in Humanities that has known a significant increase recently worldwide, a European history of literary translation during the war has yet to be written. Due to the importance of power relations, ideology, censorship and propaganda, the practice of literary translation and European translators in wartime is a particularly interesting configuration, but it remained relatively unexplored so far on a truly European level: few comprehensive researches have been carried out on literary translation in Europe during this constrained historical context, unlike on translation practices during peacetime. What was translated (how and by whom) whilst wars were destroying bonds between people and States? What meaning does one then invest translation with? Focussing on World War 2, a very significant period of 20th century European history, the TranslAtWar (Literary Translations at War) research project aims at investigating how literary translation then contributed to the understanding of History in the making, and, reciprocally, how History contributed to the analysis of multiple forms of literary translation. It is about questioning the circulation of ideas and culture through translation, and equally taking a close interest in the role of the agents of these circulations, both male and female translators, during wartime. We will also question the impact that the practice of translation in such exceptional historical circumstances had on the intellectual and cultural development of several countries, and what it is likely to have contributed given their position (central or peripheral) in the world of European literature. Under my supervision and taking advantage of long-standing international partnerships and expertise, this innovative project aims at writing a new page of European history and, eventually, promoting the emergence of a new disciplinary field at the crossroads of translation studies and war studies.

Mind reading plays an indispensable role in human social interaction and communication. One of the key factors in mind reading is facial expression analysis. It is thus crucial to understand and model facial behaviors reflecting mental states to enhance communication experience with robots and other intelligent agents in either real social interaction or augmented virtual environments. As well, consistent cross-cultural disagreement about the emotion and intensity conveyed by gold-standard universal facial expressions questions the universality hypothesis. In recent years, even though automatic facial expression analysis has achieved excellent progress, the research of emotion understanding in realistic environment across cultures is still lacking. Substantial psychological works support the use of the appraisal theory for internal emotion detection through facial behaviors, while research in computer science mainly focuses on facial modelling but ignoring the underlying biologically-driven mechanism. Therefore, we plan to reconstruct facial macro- and micro-expressions and digitise emotion appraisal, collect 4D (dynamic 3D) facial expression dataset with culture diversity and develop autonomous 4D facial model based on the collected 4D data and cultural emotion appraisal theory, and push forward commercialisation. ACMod project aims to advance the state of the art in understanding and modelling naturalistic facial behaviours in social interaction cross various cultures, which is essential to the next generation of human-computer interaction, robotics and augmented virtual reality techniques. This project will open up a new avenue for modelling facial behaviors by taking a fundamentally different and interdisciplinary approach, combining theories and techniques in e.g. psychology and computer science with an emphasis on social interaction applications. The project will promote knowledge exchange between EU and East Asian partners to foster the researchers involved.

To understand the evolving role of Islam in Europe, it is important to comprehend the forms and contents of intellectual exchange between the Latin and Byzantine world. Research to date has mainly focused on the Latin impact on the Christian perception of the Qur’an and Islam. Documenta Coranica Byzantina (DoCoByz) will address a significant research gap by diachronically exploring Greek translations of the Qur’an and anti-Islamic argumentation in Byzantine polemics (7th–13th century) before the first Latin translation appeared (12th century). This way it will be possible to synchronously compare their possible impact on the later Latin tradition. DoCoByz will trace the exact transmission lines of (I.) the Greek Qur’anic translation(s) (Testimonia Coranica Graeca), in order to (II.) document their reception and (re)use within Greek-Orthodox polemics (Episteme Islamica Orthodoxa), and to (III.) distill diachronically the common topoi and stereotypes of anti-Islamic argumentations as well as to synchronously study them with the pre-12th century Latin translations (Traditio Islamica Medievalis). The project is based on a genuine interdisciplinary approach: it combines Greek, Latin, and Arabic philologies with paleographical, historical, and theological work and methods of digital humanities. DoCoByz will create big data corpora giving open access to them as TEI XML files. It will process them into an online database which will contain a synoptical digital edition of all sources reaching out to both researchers and the broader public. After the project’s lifetime, the database can be continuously enriched with sources from (Early) Modern Times as the project's methodology especially focuses on reproducibility and interoperability with other projects. This will contribute to broaden our perception of Islam and of Christian-Muslim relations. DoCoByz's multidisciplinary approach will enable scholars to tackle urgent questions of hitherto unstudied intellectual interactions between the Latin and Byzantine anti-Islamic tradition and Qur’anic knowledge in Medieval Christianity.

The JUST_PEN Project aims to analyse the strategies private interest groups use to try to influence European penal and prison policies through notably litigation and judicial complaints lodged with the European Court of Human Courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union. In relying notably on a current national research grant on “the European Human Rights Justice under Moral Influences?”, the JUST_PEN project will analyse whether or not the moral and religious values promoted by these private interest groups have influenced and have even been taken account of or even been adopted by the European penal and prison policies. In this respect, the project will investigate the ways in which these private interest groups try to influence these policies using doctrinal, judicial (notably through litigation and monitoring efforts) and political tactics. In terms of effects of these strategies, we will investigate how and to what extent these tactics are translated into penal and prison policies notably through a process of coercive human rights that refer to the coercive aspect (the enactement of criminal law and the use of criminal sanctions) of human rights protection. In doing so, we will propose a new theoretical model: the ‘moral entrepreneur of jurisprudence ’ that is all about powerful private actors who do not behave as philantropists but are driven by material interests taking creative initiatives which involve shaping or reshaping case law on penal and prison policies. In doing so, they can either reinforce or on the contrary moderate and even lenify the coercive dimension of human rights and contribute though this process to orient significantly penal and prison policies. The JUST_PEN project intends thus to achieve a significant paradigm shift within the existing literature on human rights, European law and penal and prison policies by combining all these domains that are ignored by the existing legal, socio-legal and criminological literature.