Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Soft glassy materials, such as slurries, pastes, foams and emulsions, occur widespread in nature and industry. These materials have an inherently disordered microstructure, similar to the disordered atomic configuration in more traditional glasses. These soft glasses behave as solids when left to themselves, but will flow like a liquid when a sufficiently large stress is applied, as occurs for example in toothpaste. Understanding the yielding and flow of these soft materials is of crucial importance both during industrial processing as well as for applications. While there is empirical knowledge about specific materials, little is known about the generic physical principles underlying their flow properties (known as rheology ) and how to predict these from a knowledge of material composition. This collaboration between the University of Edinburgh and Emory University aims to better understand the relation between the microscopic structure of soft glasses and their macroscopic response to stress. To that end we will use fast three-dimensional imaging of well-characterized colloidal systems under controlled flow. In addition, we will image the samples micro-structure while simultaneously measuring their stress-strain state using a rheometer . These experiments will allow us to identify generic microscopic features in the flow of soft glassy materials, and therefore provide a better overall understanding of the rheology of this class of materials.

Dr Louise Hardwick proposes a re-reading of the legacy of the major French Caribbean author, Joseph Zobel (1915-2006). To date, Zobel is best-known for writing one of the most important Caribbean childhood memoirs on schooling and colonialism, La Rue Cases-Nègres / Black Shack Alley (1950), but the author also published several other novels and collections of short stories and poetry. These lesser-known works reveal his deep concern with discussing the complex social, political and economic situation of the French Caribbean population, whose identity is shaped by their ties to France, Europe, Africa and the Caribbean. After growing up in the Caribbean, Zobel moved to France, and then spent almost twenty years in Africa; Dr Hardwick will demonstrate how these transnational experiences influenced his literature. At a time when other Caribbean authors were writing to persuade and convince a European readership of the dignity and beauty of their culture in the wake of centuries of colonialism and slavery, Zobel stands out for his remarkable determination to write literature destined for the people, rather than targeting elite readers. For this reason, Dr Hardwick will explore how his literature attempts to democratize knowledge and reach a wider audience. For example, Zobel's first novel, Diabl'-là, was written in 1942, but was banned from publication during World War Two in Vichy-controlled Martinique because it encouraged poor Martinicans to desert the sugar cane plantations and work to achieve their own autonomy. Seen as a threat for its potential to politically awaken Martinicans, the novel was only published in 1946 and remains an under-appreciated classic of Caribbean literature. The project will also consider the influence of Negritude, the prominent Francophone black consciousness movement, on Zobel's literature, arguing that Zobel's focus on economic realities develops our understanding of Negritude in an important new direction. The movement is usually connected with poetic and stylistic literary developments, which authors used to produce startling images through experiments with language and form. However, by re-reading Zobel, Dr Hardwick will argue that in addition to what we already understand about Negritude's formal experimentation, it is essential to reappraise the importance of the representation of material conditions, environmental criticism and class consciousness in literature from the Negritude period. Her Fellowship will draw on close literary analysis and archival research in the Caribbean, working with a team of librarians and curators in Martinique at the Schoelcher Library and the Zobel archives. It will use this material to draw attention to previously unexplored aspects of Zobel's cultural production, in particular determining the importance of economics, politics, literary style, gender and ecocriticism in Zobel's work. Dr Hardwick will give a series of public talks about her findings in Birmingham, London and the Caribbean, working with the Midlands Art Centre, the British Library, and the Bibliothèque Schoelcher and Ecomuseum in Martinique. More broadly, the project will analyse how Zobel's literature can be better understood and placed in a global framework through reference to works written in English by authors Richard Wright, Langston Hughes, Claude MacKay, George Lamming and Sam Selvon. It offers a concrete example of how the arts and humanities play an essential role in discussing and understanding important cultural issues surrounding identity, race and society, and continues the work being undertaken as part of the AHRC's 'Translating Cultures' theme.

Epidemic models for pathogens transmitted from human to human are, naturally, concerned with the interaction between individuals that leads to transmission. This is clearly a major simplification; there are many processes at work, from the feedack loop of epidemics on behaviour and interventions, to resource constraints limiting the production of prophylaxis and availability of diagnostic tests, to the response of the immune system to the pathogen and pharmaceuticals. Epidemic models do not normally include an account of these highly influential processes. Instead, only the assumed effect of these processes is sometimes included. This strongly limits the scope of epidemic models. By contrast, in molecular biology, it is typical to consider a much larger class of possible interactions. There exist methods as well as mature software for expressing and simulating systems with many interactions. We have successfully shown that these techniques can be fruitfully applied directly to epidemics, including in a multi- scale setting incorporating immune response and, with suitable extensions, to detailed epidemic reconstruction in a complex community setting. We will build on this success in order to consolidate this capability within the infectious disease modelling community. We will improve accessibility of the tools that we used in our pioneering work, facilitating adoption of our epidemic modelling methods more widely. We will foster a community of practice by conducting a series of case studies to establish documented and standardisable approaches to bringing our advanced techniques to bear on pressing current and future questions relevant to reducing the public health burden of infectious disease.

Epidemic models for pathogens transmitted from human to human are, naturally, concerned with the interaction between individuals that leads to transmission. This is clearly a major simplification; there are many processes at work, from the feedack loop of epidemics on behaviour and interventions, to resource constraints limiting the production of prophylaxis and availability of diagnostic tests, to the response of the immune system to the pathogen and pharmaceuticals. Epidemic models do not normally include an account of these highly influential processes. Instead, only the assumed effect of these processes is sometimes included. This strongly limits the scope of epidemic models. By contrast, in molecular biology, it is typical to consider a much larger class of possible interactions. There exist methods as well as mature software for expressing and simulating systems with many interactions. We have successfully shown that these techniques can be fruitfully applied directly to epidemics, including in a multi- scale setting incorporating immune response and, with suitable extensions, to detailed epidemic reconstruction in a complex community setting. We will build on this success in order to consolidate this capability within the infectious disease modelling community. We will improve accessibility of the tools that we used in our pioneering work, facilitating adoption of our epidemic modelling methods more widely. We will foster a community of practice by conducting a series of case studies to establish documented and standardisable approaches to bringing our advanced techniques to bear on pressing current and future questions relevant to reducing the public health burden of infectious disease.