One in ten children in the UK are affected by a mental health problem, causing significant distress to them and their families. Where these problems endure, they can hold children back from reaching their potential in school and the workplace, and from experiencing good physical and mental health into adulthood. Financially, the personal cost of mental illness is £41.8 billion per year in England. In light of this burden to children, families, and society, there is a pressing need for a pathway that can prevent mental health problems as early as possible. We now know that many of the factors that shape risk and resilience to mental health problems have their roots in the first years of life. Children who start off more vulnerable can go on to develop initial difficulties, which can then progress into more established problems. Developing better ways to identify which children and families are likely to benefit from support would help professionals to work with families to take a proactive approach early on. By supporting families to provide responsive, consistent care, we can help to build a strong foundation for mental health. Doing this in the first years of life, when children's development is especially responsive to their early experiences, relationships, and environment, could unlock huge potential to shape the course of children's long-term mental health. Research also suggests that investing early makes economic sense as children are less likely to need more intensive supports later on in life. This promise of a strong start in life has made children's first 1001 days a global health priority, as reflected in the recent World Health Organisation 'Nurturing Care' framework for early childhood development. Yet the insights we have from decades of research in child development have not translated into the public health strategies we need to promote early mental health in the UK. There are two critical factors underlying this gap. Firstly, we lack a way to identify early risk and resilience for mental health problems in very young children that is quick, effective and acceptable to families and professionals. Secondly, early childhood programmes that show promise in preventing problems when they are tested in controlled research studies typically fail to show the same success when they are delivered in real-world services. Although these programmes have been carefully developed they are often too complicated and expensive to deliver at scale. This fellowship will use cutting-edge techniques in epidemiology and data science to develop a tool to identify early mental health needs in very young children and a pathway for more personalised supports. It will bring together the best evidence available from previous studies of early interventions so we can identify which practices and strategies in these programmes tend to be most effective. Stripping these programmes back to their most important building blocks will allow us to work together with families and professionals to redesign how they are delivered so they fit better into family life, respond to families' needs and priorities, and are feasible and practical to deliver. This will be done by testing different approaches out quickly, figuring out what does and doesn't work, and adapting the approach based on this learning. We will do this in the UK as well as undertaking initial piloting in South Africa to ensure the principles and approaches we develop are flexible and can be adapted appropriately to different resource and cultural contexts. The ultimate goal of this research is to co-develop a flexible prevention pathway for early mental health problems that is relevant to the challenges facing families and communities and is responsive to the needs of family life and the services in which they are delivered. This research has the potential to provide the breakthrough impacts needed to change the course of children's mental health.

Medicines are complex products. In addition to the drug (a molecule which causes a pharmacological effect in the body), they also contain a number of other ingredients (excipients). These are added for a variety of reasons (e.g. to ensure stability or to target the drug to a particular part of the body). A very careful assessment is required to prepare a potent and safe medicine. New types of drug molecule are being devised rapidly and have the potential to transform patients' lives. However, there is a long time-lag (10 - 15 years) between the discovery of a new drug and its translation into a medicine. Most of this time is taken up by developing a suitable "formulation" (drug + excipients) and then testing this. There are very significant benefits that would be realised from accelerating the process: this was made clear by the COVID-19 pandemic, in which the rapid development of vaccines led to millions of lives being saved, and is particularly important as society ages and patients live for prolonged periods of time with multiple conditions. The UK traditionally has been a powerhouse for medicines discovery, and the medical technology and pharmaceutical sector is still a vital part of the economy. However, productivity has recently declined, and compared to peer countries the UK has a lack of high-innovation firms. If medicines development can be accelerated in the UK, there will be huge economic and societal benefits, in addition to profound improvements to the lives of individual patients. To realise this ambition, the UK pharmaceutical sector needs highly-trained, doctoral-level, scientists with the skills required to accelerate research programmes in medicines development. The Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Accelerated Medicines Design & Development seeks to meet this user need, by building a cohort of innovators and future leaders. We will do this between two universities and in collaboration with a network of industrial and clinical partners from across the UK pharmaceutical, healthcare and medical technologies sector. Comprehensive science training will enable our students to develop the high-level laboratory and computational skills needed to overcome the major challenges in medicines development. Our alumni will be expert practitioners at integrating lab and digital research, recognised by industry as crucial to accelerate medicines development. Our students will receive extensive transferable skills training, ensuring that they graduate with high-level teamworking, communication, leadership and entrepreneurial skills. We will foster an open and supportive environment in which students can challenge ideas, experiment, and learn from mistakes. Equality, diversity and inclusiveness, sustainability, and responsible innovation will be at the heart of the CDT, and embedded throughout our training. By liaising closely with industry and clinical partners, we will ensure that the research undertaken in the CDT is directly relevant to the most significant current challenges in medicines development. We will further embed interactions with patients to ensure that the products are acceptable to both patients and clinicians. This will allow us to directly contribute to the acceleration of medicines development, and ultimately will deliver major benefits to patients as new products come on to the market. Our graduates will join companies across the pharmaceutical, medical technology and healthcare fields, where they will innovate and drive forward research programmes to accelerate medicines development for a broad range of diseases. They will ensure that new therapies come to market and the health and well-being of individuals across the world is improved. Others will enter academia, training the next generation. Our alumni will seed a future landscape in which medicines are designed and manufactured in a manner which protects our environment, and in which there is equality of opportunity for all.

Public opinion on complex scientific topics can have dramatic effects on industrial sectors (e.g. GM crops, fracking, global warming). In order to realise the industrial and societal benefits of Autonomous Systems, they must be trustworthy by design and default, judged both through objective processes of systematic assurance and certification, and via the more subjective lens of users, industry, and the public. To address this and deliver it across the Trustworthy Autonomous Systems (TAS) programme, the UK Research Hub for TAS (TAS-UK) assembles a team that is world renowned for research in understanding the socially embedded nature of technologies. TASK-UK will establish a collaborative platform for the UK to deliver world-leading best practices for the design, regulation and operation of 'socially beneficial' autonomous systems which are both trustworthy in principle, and trusted in practice by individuals, society and government. TAS-UK will work to bring together those within a broader landscape of TAS research, including the TAS nodes, to deliver the fundamental scientific principles that underpin TAS; it will provide a focal point for market and society-led research into TAS; and provide a visible and open door to engage a broad range of end-users, international collaborators and investors. TAS-UK will do this by delivering three key programmes to deliver the overall TAS programme, including the Research Programme, the Advocacy & Engagement Programme, and the Skills Programme. The core of the Research Programme is to amplify and shape TAS research and innovation in the UK, building on existing programmes and linking with the seven TAS nodes to deliver a coherent programme to ensure coverage of the fundamental research issues. The Advocacy & Engagement Programme will create a set of mechanisms for engagement and co-creation with the public, public sector actors, government, the third sector, and industry to help define best practices, assurance processes, and formulate policy. It will engage in cross-sector industry and partner connection and brokering across nodes. The Skills Programme will create a structured pipeline for future leaders in TAS research and innovation with new training programmes and openly available resources for broader upskilling and reskilling in TAS industry.