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The aim of this project is to undertake a detailed analysis of the shifting relationship between notions of masculinity and psychological illness during the second half of the twentieth-century. By focusing both on psychosomatic symptoms (in particular, gastric disorders, insomnia, headache), alcohol abuse, tranquillizer addiction and psychological disorders (depression and anxiety), the research will explore medical understandings, patient experiences and broader representations of men s healt h from the Second World War to the late 1980s and the emergence of the alleged crisis in masculinity . Drawing on a wide range of documentary, visual and oral sources, this research will explore the complex terrain of male psychological illness. It will thus address an imbalance in the historiography that has previously focused on the contradictions inherent in the female role and women s health. The study will result in the publication of a monograph and three journal articles.

Life has evolved from a single origin to generate >1.5 million eukaryotic species. Sequencing all species will provide an inventory of life, transform understanding of evolution, catalogue eukaryotic gene toolkits for biology and biotechnology, and enable monitoring of ecosystems under increasing stress. The Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) is a new initiative that will exploit long read technologies to sequence all 60000 species in the British Isles and play a leading role in the Earth BioGenome Project. This data resource will underpin bioscience for the coming century. We are a consortium of partners who will build and prove an end-to-end pipeline of sample collection, sequencing, genome assembly, annotation and data dissemination that can deliver this visionary project. We will: - Establish sample collection networks (to collect, record and voucher ~8000 species) - Put in place large-scale sequencing and analytic processes (including for single cells and small-bodied taxa) - Generate reference quality, deeply annotated genome assemblies for 2000 species - Develop portals to disseminate the reference genomes, empowering wider scientific communities to embrace genomics in their future endeavours - Share expertise in protocol development and informatics among the Darwin Tree of Life partners to strengthen institutional capacities across the consortium, and with the global EBP.

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A critical unsolved scientific question is how the nervous system gets wired up. Clues lie in embryonic development, when nerve cells (neurons) send out long thread-like structures called axons. Such challenging journeys are undertaken the axons of motor neurons, which lie inside the brain and spinal cord, but send their axons to connect with muscles in distant places such as limbs. Our research will concentrate on the connections of motor nerves which control eye muscles. During normal development each nerve reaches its correct muscle(s) and avoids incorrect ones, while in a human condition called Duane's syndrome, this process goes wrong and the nerves become miswired, leading to squint. We will discover the molecular "code" that guides axons to the correct muscle, identify molecules responsible for Duane's syndrome, and discover whether they affect predominantly nerve or muscle development. Gene screening techniques will be used to identify molecules which distinguish the different eye muscles. We will either reduce or increase the levels of these molecules, in order to see the effects on nerve growth and the formation of connections. In this way the molecular events which lead to a correct wiring pattern, and those which are disrupted in some human patients, will be unravelled