Based on an interdisciplinary approach, Celtic Brass Coins project rests on an original corpus of Celtic coins which are an archaeological material of the highest value to get insight in the technology, economics and social organization of Ancient societies. Celtic Brass Coins proposes to undertake an inquiry on brass alloy at the scale of the whole Gaulish territories in order to deliver an unprecedented overview of these issues, of the monetary practices but also of the technical choices and uses to which the introduction of this new alloy in monetary economies refers. Archaeometric, numismatic, archaeological, historical and spatial data will be brought together and cross-referenced in order to place the introduction of brass within the dynamics of Celtic society and the post-conquest political landscape that is taking place in the second half of the 1st century BC. In addition to economic, monetary and technological considerations, this project is also expected to shed light on the role of the issuing authorities during the Late Iron Age, particularly at the end of the period, and on the exchange networks at the origin and/or initiated by these productions. More than 4,000 coins and 2,000 non-monetary objects will be analysed by non-destructive method in order to identify the issues concerned and to initiate a wider reflection on the introduction on the brass into the La Tène material culture. The analyses will be carried out in the most important public collections and innovative methodological developments will be undertaken at IRAMAT laboratory. The project brings together six major players in archaeometry, archaeology and in Celtic and Roman numismatics, and contributes to the affirmation of an archaeometry fully integrated into archaeological and historical issues. Celtic Brass Coins is supported by the CNRS NEMESIS International Research Network.

Sharing and reuse of archaeological or historical data: a RDF-based description according to semantic web repositories and standards The HisArc-RDF project brings together a multidisciplinary consortium: archaeology, history, geography, terminology, bibliography and informatics. The pooling of experiences, based on the sharing and articulation of methods and software and semantic tools developed in each discipline, will make it possible to prototype (implementation and iterative tests) a "FAIR" operating chain on structurally and semantically heterogeneous archaeological and historical data sets: - to write a data management plan (DMP) for each dataset, based on the recommendations of the European Union and the french National Open Science Plan; - to develop two softwares : the first one operating a webservice between the OntoME tools (matching ontologies tool) designed by a community of historians and Opentheso (aligning thesauri tool) designed with a community of archaeologists; the second one creating a generic supervised automatic alignment interface between Opentheso and any semantic web repository; - to document each test set by a fine-grained processing chain, based on the use of microthesauri, descriptor concepts aligned with semantic web repositories, and then on the matching of the ontology expressed by the thesauri with the reference standards and ontologies of the documentary and scientific communities; thanks to the software developed, this phase will lead to a RDF-structured description of the test datasets; thus allowing, after online publication, the reporting and direct reuse ("calculability") of the datas; - to lead a wide network of historical and archaeological stakeholders (repository supports, multidisciplinary research groups, programmed and preventive archaeologies, European and non-European sites, academic and private stakeholders) through a training programme and experimental workshops, in order to disseminate the good practices supported and expressed by the operating chain and the tools developed during the project. The foundation of the HisArc-RDF project is threefold: a convergence of views born from the confrontation of multidisciplinary practices and experiences around the life cycle of data, from its acquisition to its publication, sharing and mediation; an acculturation of archaeological and historical communities to the practical and scientific challenge of aligning their vocabularies on semantic web core repositories; and finally the need for a processing chain capable of appropriation by these communities - i. e.i.e. as close as possible to business practices and work in the field and laboratories. The outcome of the project will be the realization and open publication of a methodology and associated tools in order to implement in our disciplines an ecosystem of "FAIR" data production, publication and sharing. It will be based on a proof of concept: the targeted user experience is the sharing and effective reuse of data extracted from recording systems (raw data), regardless of the structure specific to a particular database; it is the responsibility of each operating interface/visualization to pick them up and configure them to allow their reuse. The rapid implementation of these linked open data will be at the service of the widest possible academic audience: students, museums and research teams.