Research, including some that we have done, says other ways of improving young people's mental health might be just as good, if not better, than current mental health services. This project would explore another way. Does getting involved in 'civic activism' benefit young people (YP for short) who face many disadvantages? 'Civic activism' means doing community projects together that make not just our own individual lives better; but other YP's too. It involves developing what university researchers call our 'civic identity'. This involves feeling we belong to a community whether face to face, online or both -'glocal' communities is what academics call them. Our hunch is that creating belonging through civic activism could help us have positive identities. We think adolescence, a word used to describe the age group between 11-25 years old, is the ideal time for this support because we are developing identity as we move out of childhood. Research tells us that a strong and positive identity offers us direction in life and indicates that we matter in the world. All this is good for our current and future mental health. We know civic activism needs researching because in Blackpool we have already had success experimenting with a new way of supporting YP's mental health. This is based on an approach to resilience that is about 'Beating the Odds and Changing the Odds' which we call Boingboing Resilience. Our approach helps us build our own resilience as well as challenge the disadvantages that increase risks in the first place. This project would help us build on that work and share it with other YP and their adult supporters in Cornwall and Newham. These are other areas facing big challenges. We also want to learn from Newham and Cornwall's YP's work, including on climate change activism. Our new and equal partnership of co-researchers come from different generations, professions and backgrounds; YP facing many disadvantages, adult community researchers, academics and mental health professionals. What we will do 1. Our new research will survey 300 YP in Blackpool, Newham and Cornwall. This will test survey questions already available about YP's identity, civic activism and mental health. We will involve YP with learning difficulties because they often get left out. 2. We will do a 'literature review'. This means exploring what academics worldwide have already published on building YP's positive identities against the odds. This includes resilience, mental health and civic activism aimed at improving mental health. 3. We will organise and run a big meeting (a 'networking summit') and invite lots of people interested in our work and who have influence. Young co-researchers will present the literature review findings with adults and we will motivate people to do a new big bid together. 4. Blackpool, Brighton, Newham and Cornwall team members will plan and run 3 events using YP-friendly technologies, co-designed and co-led by YP, including YP with learning difficulties. We call these 'social learning spaces' (SLSs for short). They will find out about: a) YP connecting with their communities' history b) YP getting actively involved with their present communities, to get involved in making positive changes c) YP actively contributing to their communities' future through civic activism. 5. With everyone's permission, we will record what happens in the SLSs. This will be written up as 'findings'. The findings will help us plan a civic activist approach (called an intervention framework). We will share work in academic publications but also in ways that more people can understand it, including on the internet. With more people joining in, together we will write a big bid so we can test our civic activism intervention framework.

In 2019, AHRC funding enabled the crowdsourced transcriptions of five notebooks kept by the nineteenth-century chemist, Sir Humphry Davy, between 1795 and 1805. Transcriptions of these notebooks revealed Davy's creative mind at work: lines of poetry were written among descriptions of chemical experiments, philosophical musings, geological drawings, and accounts of his life. With this new project, we will crowdsource transcriptions of his entire notebook collection: there are 65 held at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI), in London, and five held in Kresen Kernow in Redruth, Cornwall. Davy kept notebooks throughout his life but most of the pages of these notebooks have never been transcribed before. The notebooks show that he was writing poetry in the laboratory while conducting scientific experiments. Most entries have yet to be dated or considered in the light of what they tell us about Davy, his scientific discoveries, and the relationship between poetry and science. We will crowdsource transcriptions of the notebooks using the people-powered research platform Zooniverse. Online and in-person discussions with participants will enable us to find out how transcribing Davy's notebooks changes their view of how poetry and science could co-exist today. The consequences of seeing the arts and sciences as divided and separate are serious. Viewing them as 'two cultures' hinders our ability to solve major world problems. Speaking to a named priority area in the AHRC's 2019 Delivery Plan, 'Arts and science, arts in science', this project will ask what we can learn from the example of Davy's notebooks that will help us rethink what we understand about the relationship between the arts and sciences in the nineteenth century and today. Davy was the foremost 'man of science' of his time. He isolated more chemical elements than any individual has before or since. Between October and December 1815, he invented a miners' safety lamp that came to be known as the Davy Lamp, saving countless lives in Britain and Europe and vastly improving the nation's industrial capability. He also led a fascinating life, rising up through society's ranks from relatively modest origins to become the President of the Royal Society. His politics and religious beliefs changed from radical to conservative as his career progressed. Davy is not currently associated with poetry or well known as a poet, but the notebooks show that he was writing poetry in the laboratory while conducting scientific experiments throughout his life. Many of these poems will be transcribed and published for the first time on the Lancaster Digital Library and in a selected print edition. We will disseminate research findings, encourage participation in the project, and ask key questions in our public engagement and impact events, which include two transcribe-a-thons, a map-a-thon, a workshop on how to use the newly-developed transcription tools in other crowdsourcing projects, an academic conference on poetry in nineteenth-century scientific notebooks, a computer masterclass using data produced by the project, and an event that will consider Davy's attitude to race. We will also create an exhibition of Davy's and others' notebooks held at the RI, which will travel to the north-west and north-east of England. We will present two panel sessions at academic conferences and produce a special issue of an academic journal on the results of the project. The already-existing Massive Online Open Course (MOOC), previously funded by the AHRC, will be enhanced to feature new tasks specifically on the notebooks. Final transcriptions of whole collection of notebooks will be published, with images of the pages themselves, on the Lancaster Digital Library, with improved new and exciting features. An accompanying project website will present a map of Davy's life, utilising the information that emerges from this project and a previous AHRC-funded project on Davy's letters.

We will explore the links between patterns of sensor data within the home and health patterns of vulnerable residents. We will monitor internal home environment (temperature, humidity, air quality) and electricity usage over time, and use features in the patterns to detect unusual events. We will use health and wellbeing data from participants to assess whether the usual events detected relate to underlying issues in the home. Once connections between sensor data and underlying health are established, we will aim to predict events in advance to allow earlier or pre-emptive support. To ensure the relevance of this approach we will involve end users throughout using a co-design approach. We have engaged a public involvement and engagement group, and will establish a stakeholder group of representatives of health and care providers. We will recruit 50 participants, who are vulnerable or have existing health conditions. We will draw on our experience of analysis techniques with the comprehensive Smartline data set (including long-term and high-frequency time-series environmental sensor data and electricity usage for four years). We will characterise data, and detect and predict changes in the home suggesting health and wellbeing issues. If successful, this test of feasibility will support early intervention and thus maintaining independent living. We will extract features from the data using the following methods. Fourier analysis will determine dominant frequencies in the sensor data. Autoregressive models will establish the extent of influences from previous readings to current and future readings. Long short-term memory neural networks will be used to predict readings. We will also use neural networks and support vector machines to predict anomalies in advance of them occurring, and cluster analysis to categorise days that have different types of features.

Energy storage plays a crucial role in building a sustainable energy system. New technology tackling challenges in the area of domestic space heating and water heating will make significant contributions to the energy consumption,CO2 emission, and to improve the quality of life, because among all energy consumed by end users, ~45-47% is for domestic space heating and water heating accounts for another 40%. Among different storage technologies, thermal energy storage provides a unique approach for efficient and effective peak-shaving of both electricity and heat demand, efficient use of renewable energy from wind, tide and sun, and low grade waste heat, as well as distributed energy and backup energy systems. In Europe, it has been estimated that around 1.4 million GWh per year could be saved-and 400 million tonnes of CO2 emissions avoided by thermal energy storage. Despite the importance and huge potential, very limited research has been done in the area. Phase Change Material (PCM) based technology has a great potential to provide a cost effective solution to the problem, if we can tackle the density and efficiency challenges and overcome the cost barrier. PCMs have an energy density 3-6 times higher than the use of water as a storage medium, and have the potential to compete with sensible heat storage materials such as MgO in terms of cost per unit kWh and is far more compact, and is cheaper than the electrochemical thermal storage. Thus, this bears significant national importance to the UK energy system, peak-shaving and quality of life, but composite PCMs for domestic heating is severely understudied. This project, building on individual achievements in nanocomposites and in thermal storage research and adopting a multi-institutional and experimental-modelling approach, aims to develop new PCM-based nanomaterials, that are suitable for high energy density (6 times higher than existing technology), affordable and sustainable PCM-based composite thermal storage device applications. It primarily addresses the Materials and Materials Design aspect of this Energy Storage Challenge Call to provide high energy and power density. The project will also develop experimental and modelling Diagnostic Tools, in order to monitor and maximise the efficiency of the PCM composite deveice. The well-organised investigators from five different research groups of three universities, will first tackle the fundamental PCM composite challenges to solve the low conductivity, thermal expanson and supercooling issues, then move on to investigate at module and system levels to assist validate and optimise the new PCM composites, to achieve optimal device thermal effiency over 92-95%, with >at lease 25% electricity bill saving, 40% weight reduction and 6000 cycle duration. Finally we will construct example domestic space heater to demonstrate the practical improvement of our materials, and we will deliver 10 kW high effiency, compact and low cost device prototypes for demonstration at the Nottingham Creative Homes.

Many people experience physical disabilities throughout their life, requiring advice and management from clinicians such as physiotherapists. Usually a hands-on detailed movement assessment is taken to help formulate a plan to deal with each individual's needs. For most this face-to-face approach has not been possible during the Covid crisis, and this is likely to continue for some time with social distancing, particularly in older people and those with health issues. In response to the crisis clinicians have found new ways of working. They have used telephone & web-based consultations (known as telerehabilitation) to help people continue to rehabilitate at home. This approach, however, has many challenges when assessing people with movement disabilities, such as those experienced by people recovering from Covid-19, with long term neurological conditions, arthritis or diabetes. For example there are risks associated with assessing balance and mobility in frail older persons at risk of falls. Yet this information is essential to create a plan to ensure recovery occurs as quickly and fully as possible. Unfortunately relevant guidance and training for NHS/Social care staff about this is extremely limited, relying mainly on experience gained on the job. No specific guidance is in place to ensure telerehabilitation is delivered effectively and equitably for people with physical disabilities. We will work closely with NHS/Social care staff to quickly develop an assessment toolkit and training to provide them with practical guidance to increase their skills and confidence. This is important now & for the future.