People experience stigma (linked to negative attitudes, beliefs, and experiences because of a perceived difference) due to certain individual characteristics such as age, disability, or where they live. Older disabled people are more likely to live in poorer areas that carry a certain stigma, in homes not fit for purpose, with increased challenges in accessing support services. Little is known about how experiences of several stigmas converge and impact upon the way that people are integrated and feel included in their communities and societies. The negative impact of stigma must be examined as it has a detrimental effect on inclusion, creating barriers to accessing services and places. Stigma is also a process that can make certain people less powerful in getting the help needed; this is particularly compounded for disabled people. This project will examine inequalities and stigma through the experiences of older disabled adults and explore interventions such as home and environmental modifications that encourage inclusive approaches that support people to age well within homes and communities. The project will focus on older disabled adults (65+) with mobility and sensory impairments but also capture different experiences as everyone is a stakeholder in ageing: Inclusive ageing is not just a 'problem' for or about older people. Furthermore, this project is not just about disabled people. Through engaging with disabled researchers and having representation of disabled people in the academic team and advisory panel it will ensure our research is conducted with disabled people at its heart. The project will create a new community peer-researcher group of older disabled adults. This group will be trained to carry out research in their communities, such as observation, analysing videos and photographs and keeping reflective diaries. By participants also being researchers, this will increase capacity for disabled people to be integrated into evidence-based solutions. The research project utilises data that already exists and the collection of new data relating to people's experiences. We will utilise information that has already been gathered in large statistical datasets but re-examine it to understand where different points of identity, including disability, income, age and neighbourhood inequalities, cross and intersect. The project will also create a new set of sources that will capture a nuanced and detailed account of people's lives using deliberative diaries that give insight to the real-life experiences of people to help understand and tackle barriers to inclusion. This will be done by using a new concept and toolkit called Inclusive Living, which was co-created with housing organisations. However, the existing toolkit is not fully representative of society, and this project will review and modify it to ensure the experiences of disabled people are integrated. Using the information gathered about people's lived experiences, the project will work with organisations using the newly developed toolkit to make positive changes to increase accessibility for disabled adults with mobility and sensory impairments. This will focus on home and environment modifications, often termed adaptations, and involve confirmed key partners that include housing associations, housing developers, third sector and health and social care organisations. The project has confirmed partnerships with key housing providers to begin this activity, looking to form an Inclusive Living Alliance. The project will further create resources that will help organisations facilitate change to address barriers that disabled adults have experienced and shared within the project. We will create accessible videos and audio podcasts of lived experiences of stigma to bring the stories shared to life. These resources will then be used to make key policy and practice recommendations aiming to improve inclusivity for disabled people.

Background and context: There is no safe level of exposure to second-hand smoke (also known as passive smoking), which causes increased health risks for babies and children, including more severe asthma attacks, chest and ear infections, and sudden infant death syndrome. In the UK, second-hand smoke exposure costs the NHS about £23 million each year, causing over 300, 000 GP consultations and nearly 10,000 hospital admissions. Children who grow up homes where smoking takes place are more likely than other children to experience delays in development, require time off school because of illness, and become smokers themselves. Nearly 20 years since smoke-free public places were introduced in the UK and Ireland, most exposure to second-hand smoke now takes place in homes, in poorer areas. In Scotland, for example, 15% of children living in poorer areas are exposed to second-hand smoke, compared to 1% of children living in wealthier areas. There is no recommended approach to tackle this challenge. Parents want to protect their children's health, but housing constraints (i.e. living in a 3rd floor flat), having friends and family who smoke, sole-parenting and lack of access to safe outdoor space are just some of the wider challenges that make this more difficult. Smoking can be seen as a way of coping with poverty and hardship (though in reality it often adds to financial stress). Creative approaches are required to better support families living in poorer areas, which take better account of the additional challenges they face in trying to create a smoke-free home. Aim: The SHINE network aims to increase our knowledge and understanding of the reasons why people in Ireland and the UK continue to smoke in the home. How we will go about this: The SHINE network will bring together researchers, policy makers, organisations and parents, providing a unique opportunity to develop plans for future research that are relevant and meaningful to families living in poorer areas. We will come together through a series of online meetings and workshops, sharing knowledge, experience and ideas. We will begin to develop future work that takes into account the barriers caused by education, housing and wider life circumstances that can make it particularly difficult for families to create a smoke-free home.We will hold several discussions with parents in the UK and in Ireland to find out more about the reasons why, when and where people smoke in the home, and the types of support that would help them to change their home smoking behaviours. These findings will feed back into network discussions, to make sure that our ideas for future work are relevant to families living in poorer areas of the UK and Ireland. From the beginning, we will develop ways to keep SHINE running after the 12 months of funding has finished, so that we can keep working to find ways to better support parents who want to protect their family from second-hand smoke and create a smoke-free family home. The information the network will provide: The network will develop ideas for new, creative approaches to tackling the challenge of reducing the number of people who smoke in the home in the UK and ROI. Including families in discussions will ensure that ideas for future research, policy and practice are tailored to the needs of people living in poorer areas. SHINE will provide new scientific understanding of how best to support families to create a smoke-free home. We hope that many of the networks findings will be of relevant to professionals working in other countries around the world, where second-hand smoke exposure levels remain high. We will share our findings widely through presentations to various audiences, attendance at conferences, a lay summary of findings, through SHINE webpages we will develop, and through social media, to make sure they have wide reach and impact.

Alcohol is enjoyed by many and while it contributes to the economy, it is also a major cause of early death, illness, lost work days, violence, social problems, relationship difficulties and inequalities. Governments can reduce these harms by taking action to make alcohol less affordable (price policy) and less easily available (availability policy), and by reducing how much it is advertised and promoted (marketing policy). Across the four nations of the United Kingdom (UK), and in Republic of Ireland (ROI), there have been many recent changes in these alcohol policies which have been heavily debated by campaign groups and politicians. There is a need for research to understand the intended and unintended effects of policies, not just on health, but on social, economic and cultural aspects. As Scotland introduced several new policies from 2005 onwards, and put in place extensive structures to support studies to explore their effects, a broad community of alcohol policy researchers has been coming together. The Irish government has recently passed a world-leading set of policies to reduce alcohol harms, but currently there are fewer researchers studying these policies in ROI/NI, and little contact between those who are. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are also considering further policy changes. Whilst traditionally seen as a medical issue, it is clear that alcohol consumption and harms are affected by culture and politics. This network therefore proposes to bring together researchers from a wide range of social science and other backgrounds, and to draw others into the field, to deliver on the alcohol policy research needed in UK/ROI over the coming years. Our ACTIVITIES will focus on four themes: Availability, Marketing, Price & Politics and will include: 1) A website, blog and twitter feed; 2) A launch event with researchers and policy partners in Dublin; 3) Open seminars on each of the four themes, each hosted by a different university, with side meetings to build teams for future research; 4) Study visits for 4 selected early career researchers to spend time with more experienced colleagues; 5) A workshop to build capacity on alcohol policy research and give time for teams to develop funding applications; and 6) A UK/ROI open research symposium to which any researchers can submit abstracts to present their work, with invited speakers and free places for early career researchers. The network will be led by Prof. Joe Barry in ROI and Prof. Niamh Fitzgerald in the UK. NF is Professor of Alcohol Policy and specialises in studies drawing on expertise across different academic disciplines to better understand intended and unintended consequences of policy interventions. JB has worked in substance use for 30 years and chairs an expert group set up by the Minister for Health in ROI on which 3 academics from this proposal also sit. NF and JB are joined by 14 co-applicants from 13 institutions across the UK, from 10+ disciplines and with cross-cutting interests in the four themes. The bid will benefit from the active involvement of policy partners from government departments in NI, ROI and Scotland; and public health agencies across the UK. It will link into existing policy groups, including the UK/ROI British Irish Council, and the NI/ROI North South Alcohol Policy Advisory Group. The Institute of Public Health in Ireland, an all island body with a remit to inform public policy in both ROI and NI is an active partner and will provide administrative support to the network. We expect that the network will give rise to new research teams involving UK & ROI academics, and new alcohol policy studies focused within or across the four policy themes. With our partners, we will actively plan for the future of the network beyond the funded period.

The PRIME project will broaden understanding of online harm and how it can be mitigated through new systems, tools and processes by focusing on Minority Ethnic (ME) communities' experiences of digitalised services, particularly in the areas of housing, health and energy. We will draw on knowledge, methods and skills from social policy, cyber security and privacy, data mining and machine learning; human computer interaction, applied linguistics and educational technology. Working closely with REPHRAIN, we will engage with a wide range of individuals from ME communities, community organisations, public agencies and energy suppliers to identify and categorise the nature of the harms experienced, and assess the adequacy of existing systems and processes to counter them. We will translate this knowledge into the co-design and co-production of novel, effective and scalable social and technological harm-mitigating solutions through a Citizen-led Race Equity Living Lab (CREL). The outputs will include policy guidance in the fields of housing, health and energy as well as cross-cutting recommendations for improving online services more generally; educational resources for harm mitigation to enable individuals and organisations to more effectively protect themselves; as well as better privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) that counter discriminatory processes in digitalised services. We will also produce benchmark datasets, tools and models to enable organisations to address ethnic inequalities in service provision and demonstrate more accountability to the public in terms of greater transparency and equitable service outcomes.

GALLANT's vision is to develop whole-systems solutions for a just and sustainable transition delivered at the city scale. Corporate and political leaders are committing to carbon neutrality locally and globally, often without detailed strategies in place or coordination. This will likely lead to delays and suboptimal outcomes when we need rapid, impactful transformation. Cities are increasingly seen as drivers of a carbon neutral future (e.g., Carbon Neutral City Alliance) because through shared policy and knowledge exchange it is possible for successful action in one city to be adopted by others, creating scalable and rapid change. Glasgow is a model city to lead innovation because it has the UK's most ambitious carbon neutrality target of 2030; has challenging social and environmental inequities that will need to co-benefit from proposed solutions; and is due to host COP26 in 2021. Making meaningful, lasting change requires a commitment to the environment that embeds sustainability across major policy decisions and empowers communities as stewards of their local places. In GALLANT, we seek to work with local partners and communities to transform the city into a thriving place for people and nature. Our overarching goal is to implement a systems-based science approach to solve five environmental problems that will accelerate Glasgow's ability to adapt to and manage climate change. The approach integrates natural science and social science disciplines, putting data at the heart of decision-making. We will create the Glasgow Living Lab, delivering a framework that will be readily deployable to solve emerging environmental problems that show how academic, public and private sectors can act together to make progress. The five environmental solutions that we have prioritised with Glasgow City Council are: 1. Working to transform urban river-edge land-use governance to create functional floodplains and new accessible green spaces for community use. 2. Working to deliver biodiversity benefits from green infrastructure throughout Glasgow, restoring and connecting habitats using nature-based solutions, and matching ecosystem service demand with provision. 3. Working to turn vacant, derelict, and polluted land into spaces for carbon sequestration and pollution remediation that can be returned to communities in line with local needs. 4. Working to make the most of current and planned infrastructure by understanding community perceptions of active and safe travel, use these to increase inclusive urban active travel and mobility improving air quality and reducing CO2 emissions . 5. Working to maximise the value of Glasgow green-blue-grey spaces as a Smart Local Energy System that bring heat to some of the most deprived areas of Glasgow.