The labor market deregulation and the growing professional mobility make visibility and renown necessary to reach some occupational status. Reputation becomes a key principle of hierarchical organization. Events represent gathering places for professionals, notably when those ones are independent or looking for an international career. They provide great opportunities for professionals who rarely see their competitors or colleagues to meet together. Market exchanges, networks, careers and professional groups are built there. By focusing the analysis on these key moments, the CaNoÉ project helps to understand in a new way the current evolutions of career paths and occupations, as well as the role of events in terms of reputation. This stake is all the more important since the event sector is a growing and strategic sector in France. It generates almost 8.5 billion euro per year (Atout France, 2012) and France is the fourth most important host country for international conventions. The CaNoÉ project is built around three main lines of reflections: - Individual career and reputation: How do events affect professional careers? - Career and reputation of occupational groups: How do events contribute to the structuring of professions? - Career and reputation of events: How does the reputation of events themselves contribute (or not) to configuring individuals careers and professions? To answer those questions, we will study three sectors in which events may play different roles: sectors that are in the process of internationalization (international food festivals, international economic conferences, and Global Editors Network Summit); sectors in which competition is evolving (funeral homes, film festivals) and emerging sectors (series festivals, transmedia forum and wedding fairs). The research will investigate eight fields with various degrees of internationalization, competition and institutionalization. The project will be carefully coordinated and it will develop mix methods: qualitative, quantities and based on documentaries. An ethnographic study will be based on semi-directive interviews (with participants and organizers) and observations. Careers will also be studied from a quantitative approach (sequential analysis) in order to identify the role of events in trajectories. The analysis of data archives will allow us to reconstitute events' careers and to create a database of participants. Finally, a digital corpus analysis will be crucial to understand how professionals use events in order to construct their visibility and reputation. This research is conducted by eight researchers – sociologists, political scientists, and organizational scientists. They have complementary skills that will be employed to understand the complex role of events in careers and occupations’ dynamics. This research will deepen the knowledge of the event sector which mingles political as well as economic stakes. As such, the CaNoÉ project will be of interest to both researchers and political and economic agents.

This project aims at improving the knowledge about the causes of tensions and collective violence in urban settings and understanding the sources of legitimacy of the police among adolescents in multi-ethnic societies. In both Germany and France, minorities now represent a large share of the urban population, in particular of the marginalized social underclass. Nonetheless, large-scale riots like in France have failed to materialise in Germany so far. Apart from varying levels of social disadvantage and disintegration, the quality of policing and of police-minority relations may explain this discrepancy. We supplement the widely held assumption that ethnic minority status constitutes the distinctive explanatory factor with the hypothesis that socio-economic disadvantage and spatial segregation is a significant force – at least as important as ethnicity – driving both crime/violence as well as tensions between adolescents and the police (and possibly discriminatory police practices). We analyse police-adolescent interactions in a theoretical framework which includes police legitimacy and community social (des)integration. A cross-national comparison with identical study design and implementation will be decisive to solve these puzzles by increasing the variance of macro-level conditions which may stand among the determinants of youth behaviour (social, economic, ethnic conditions) on the one hand and police behaviour on the other hand (institutional, organizational, staff composition conditions). In Germany and France, two cities of different sizes are selected in order reduce the risk of undue generalization to the national level. A quantitative school survey among adolescents nested within neighbourhoods (N=5,000 in each country) will be paralleled by a qualitative analysis of police behaviour and organizational structure by ways of interviews and field observations. The principal aim of the school survey is to gain standardized information on police-related attitudes and experiences of adolescents for testing hypotheses on key theoretical concepts and for systematic comparisons between ethnic groups, neighbourhood contexts and countries. The qualitative part of the study will produce in-depth information on attitudes and interactions which could not otherwise be gathered. The results of this study will produce more rigorous answers to an important social question and could inform social policies and police strategies in disadvantaged urban areas

The injunction to integrate the issue of diversity in the medias is due to a building process with numerous aspects corresponding to strategic and ideological choices emanating from NGOs, supra national authorities (UNESCO, the Council of Europe), regulation agencies (CSA) or media companies. Those choices involve collectively or individually a form of social responsibility which needs to be made understandable. Our study focuses on one topic: sport, which is, by social construction, the symbolical domain for the realization of democratic ideals and where diversity is made visible. This is the case for athletics, which we have chosen as a support for our analysis. However, it is also a field where discrimination emerges (sex, gender, homophobia, ethnic) thus impeding this model. The meetings, interviews and discussions we have had with sport journalists show that the issue of the social responsibility of journalists (SRJ) is a matter of the unthought, which needs to be defined. Despite the fact that sport holds a significant position in the social space, sport journalists often struggle to be considered as genuine news professionals as if it « tainted by cultural illegitimacy »(Diana, 2004) Paradoxically, we witness an assumed position of the sport journalist as a voluntary actor defending the virtues of sport, in charge of its legitimation and preservation, for education, integration, well being, health or in order to fight discriminations. By automatically using commonplace assertions, sport journalists sometimes contradict this stance leading to a stigmatization of differences. It comes down to questioning the inns and outs of social responsibility, collective and individual, of sport journalists in order to surpass the invocation of helplessness and/or search for culprits pointing an accusing finger at the medias. Through the analysis of the logics behind the making of sport news, the purpose we assign to this study is to contribute to define, with its actors, innovative ways and means for the regulation of a profession by privileging the act of taking their assumed responsibilities and looking for groundbreaking means to solve crisis, a posture resolutely forward looking. Indeed, mediatized sport allows us to question the social responsibility of journalists. It is, to our minds, a relevant laboratory due to the importance of sport events in the medias and because of the audience it generates. Our project comes in three tasks aimed at making interact, first of all the communicational framework defined by a set of standards and of professional requirements, by integrating the issue of diversity. Secondly, we will strive to identify in what way the framework structures behaviors. Finally, the study of the discursive act carried out must endeavor to analyze media productions, and thus, the supposed effects of speech. It is through the interaction of those three tasks that the question of SRJ is being built. Our study will aim at France Televisions because of its public service role, our main material being the analysis of the track and field events of the 2016 Rio Olympics and the 2017 Athletics World Championships in London. Our study is based upon a dominant disciplinary base made up of the sciences of information and communication and its interactions with the sciences and techniques of physical activities and sport as well as the sciences of languages on the basis of a collaboration that has already proven effective between l’UMR PACTE (UMR 5194), le CRAPE (UMR 6051), Praxiling (UMR 5267 CNRS), Geriico (EA 4073) et l’URePSSS (EA 4110).

The ComIngGen project addresses knowledge, measurement of public opinion and communication tools regarding on-going biotechnologies (Genome Editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and New Plant Breeding Techniques). It has two main objectives. - Firstly, based on the idea that public opinion expresses a mixture of distrust and hopefulness, misunderstandings and occasionally unadvised rejection or, on the contrary, adoption of emerging biotechnologies without appropriate regulation, the project will characterize cognitive and cultural concerns that shape public opinion. It will develop a scientific policy approach based on innovating measurement tools for identifying key-conditions allowing the emergence of a public understanding of on-going research (PUR) based on scientific communication, scientific mediation and the inclusion of legal specialists. This entails exploring and mapping various communication strategies regarding the management of bio-engineering controversies including political demands, activist statements, as well as resources from specialized institutions (parliaments, museums, science centres, aesthetical exhibitions-bio-art) with the help of digital tools (big data-gathering methods). - Secondly, the project will engage European and national governments, and cultural institutions in sustained debate on the complex governance of biological technologies, to develop successful strategies for communicating about new bio-engineered products, and to provide a better understanding of research to stakeholders and citizens. We will devise a range of policy recommendations for a more effective communication about unstable and provisional scientific data. Such communication relies on cultural innovations implying cutting-edge artistic and pedagogical mediations. To fulfill these two objectives, ComIngGen will develop two methodologies. - The first methodology will provide an analysis of public opinion about these on-going biotechnologies. Based on a massive web data gathering (Hyphe software), this method will allow us to document the huge diversity of communication and supports. This approach is a plea to consider the usefulness of Big Data gathering methods for analyzing the form and the strength of digital networks about emerging biotechnologies. This mapping completes the classic study of public opinion based on the questionnaire. It opens a new field to digital sciences. - The second methodology will document risk perception and communication issues regarding those bio-technological products which break with traditional techniques of genetic modification (legal and scientific literature review), and propose various pedagogical supports jointly developed by researchers, legal specialists and museographers. ComIngGen team will examine ways of linking digital mapping (expressed opinions), institutional communication strategies (OPECST, EPTA etc.) and cultural mediations (museums, science centers). The aim is to offer a range of varied answers (technical, scientific, legal and cultural) to public opinion issues, to devise communication strategies in the context of on-going controversies and to ensure the development of an timely understanding of synthetic biology by the general public.

The DYNEQUAL research project is designed to identify and explain the mechanisms that produce perceptions of inequality. Its starting point is the recognition that these perceptions are not traces - whether it be at the micro-sociological or macro-sociological level — of the objective situation such as it can be measured by the available indicators. Indeed sensitivity to inequality is only weakly correlated with the variables that describe the economic and occupational situation of individuals. Moreover, the gap between the general perception of inequalities in society, and the measures of them provided by statistical indicators, appear to be especially great in the case of France. The perception of inequality is thus a process that is partially independent of social stratification. The objective of the research project is to attempt to identify the mechanisms involved in this process. This objective will be met by four inter-related research studies. Firstly, it will be necessary to check whether the relative unanimity of opinions on the subject of inequality is not in fact a methodological artefact. Secondly, a group of studies will deal with the heart of the project by attempting to identify how individual perceptions of inequality are produced. This set of studies will deal with a range of questions about the effects of experience of inequality, the role of interpersonal relationships, the genesis of perception transmission between generations, and the role of political attitudes.Thirdly, we will devote attention to some perceptions of inequality which have hitherto been little studied, especially those relating to access to cultural goods. Finally, we will seek a better understanding of the place of the family in perceptions of inequality, by studying the relationships between individual and familial conceptions of fiscal justice. We intend to deploy a package of complementary methodologies in order to carry out this research. Firstly, a face-to-face quantitative survey of a representative sample will provide a common database to the whole group of research studies. Secondly, four self-administered postal surveys linked to this shared dataset will be conducted with sub-samples of the main survey, and on several of the research topics described above. Interview surveys will complete this quantitative dimension of the project, and for certain parts of the project will be the principal method of investigation. Finally, several innovative methodologies such as on-line surveys, "bulletin board" surveys, and computer simulations, will also be used in some of the proposed research studies. The research team is comprised mainly of sociologists and political scientists. In addition, one of France's leading economists and a specialist on questions of social inequality will also form part of the group. The majority of participant researchers have already collaborated successfully on some initial research on the subject, and if this project is supported it will further and extend this earlier work.