The global urbanisation megatrend generates an increasing need to transport people, goods and utilities in support of the socio-economic activity of cities. As witnessed daily in many urban environments, the traditional transportation system design methods for road, rail, public transport and other modes have failed in delivering sustainable designs. Historically, transportation infrastructure designs have been formulated as economic productivity engines. The identification of the direct and indirect users and their motivations to use infrastructure has been limited; these factors are even less reflected in the design options considered both in Western Europe and India. Conventional data capture and data analytics have contributed to this limitation. Smart information and communication technologies and services can overcome data capture and data analytic limitations. The premise -the ?Joint Road Forward?- is that ICT enables transportation designs and operations that are more sustainable, inclusive, and economically beneficial for urban communities. To respond to demand, Shell and other companies have proposed Smarter Mobility initiatives pursuing cleaner and more energy-efficient transportation designs. Smart Mobility may result from the smarter use by the community of smarter infrastructure designs built using smarter products. To contribute to Smart Mobility, the project will seek innovations in the smart design and operation of urban infrastructure -using Western Europe and India as reference environments- with regards to: - Participatory methods to involve and consider the interests of the entire population, including the poor, less visible and vulnerable user groups; - Innovative infrastructure management, building techniques, materials, building information modelling and logistics optimisation; - Social and environmental impacts, using Life Cycle Analysis frameworks; - Impact of policy incentives/ regulations on the dynamics of use of the new infrastructure; and - Potential benefits of bespoke solutions as alternatives to ?one-size-fits-all? It is based on the primary research question: ?What can be the impact of participatory tools, including gaming simulations and crowd-sourcing platforms that involve all user groups and layers of society on design, creation and operation of urban infrastructures, both in the Western and Indian contexts?? We will be using participatory to design smart mobility infrastructure in the following three phases: 1. Data acquisition, using existing data sources, crowd-sourcing and data proxies, to explain the temporal mobility patterns and the mobility requirements of a representative urban population; followed by Mobility mining and modelling to map the collected data to mobility preferences; 2. Iterative design of computer-based simulations and participatory gaming simulations by the application of the Product, Social and Institutional (PSI) design framework. The outcomes will be different infrastructure designs and their associated implementation roadmaps; 3. Evaluation of the outcomes to develop implementations roadmaps sensitive to the urban contexts in The Netherlands and India. A variety of large urban contexts, products, societal needs and institutional structures will provide Workspace richness. Focus will be on (i) mature environments, such as the Dutch Randstad ( 7.1million inhabitants, 8,300 km2 - 4,300 km2 urban); (ii) rapidly growing city such as Bangalore (9.6 million inhabitants 1,300 km2); (iii) and an ideal-imaginary tabula-rasa city.

The bulk of incident response will remain based on voluntary action by the actors running Internet infrastructure and services. Voluntary action typically takes the form of one party notifying another about potential abuse and asking it to act against it. The project aims to identify when and how notification regimes prove to be the most effective and how this effectiveness could be further enhanced.

The "crowd" increasingly seems to be key for innovation in all kind of sectors, partly enabled by ICT developments. Initiatives can be found around the crowdsourcing of problemsolving and data collection (e.g. apps and sensors to measure traffic, air or water quality), crowdfunding as a business model (including renewable energy), open platforms (where supply and demand meet each other), or the sharing economy (for example, houses or cars). Such initiatives provide many opportunities for innovations in socio-technical systems, but also significant challenges because they often occur in the context of traditional, well-established, institutional and governance structures and practices. The gap between these traditional structures and radically new initiatives creates tension. Existing rules, standards and practices are challenged, which raises questions about how quality, legitimacy, efficiency and supervision can be safeguarded in crowd-based innovations. In this research we want to find out how to deal with the conflicts that can arise where crowd-based innovations meet existing structures. The goal is to design governance arrangements so that the power of mobilizing people and organizations can be combined with legitimacy and responsible innovation. We will conduct normative and empirical analysis of 3-5 crowd-based innovations resulting in design interventions that will be iteratively evaluated and refined in Living Labs (developed by, and to be developed with, our partners) related to three top sectors (water, energy and transport/logistics). Our research will result in a generic framework for governance of responsible crowd-based innovations as well as specific governance interventions for a number of concrete crowd-based innovations.

New energy technologies are sources of controversy; think of public opposition to wind parks. Controversies arise from value conflicts between stakeholders. Responsible innovation suggests that the diversity of relevant values is assessed and carefully evaluated in the development and implementation of energy projects. Whereas controversy is often seen as a barrier to implementation, we take the position that controversies can be regarded as an informal assessment of the energy project. Controversies articulate the conflicting values at stake and reveal unanticipated societal and ethical risks, and associated costs and benefits. We distinguish informal assessment from formal assessment. Formal assessment involves tools such as environmental impact assessment and (social) cost-benefit analysis to evaluate and ascertain formally established public values, associated with safety, health and economy. However, such (legally) formalized tools cannot cover the wide and variable range of values that an energy project puts at stake for different people in society. As a result, formal assessment methods often become debated in controversy, for instance because their scope and process is not considered appropriate for the project at hand. As such they can be seen as imperfect (and sometimes even counterproductive) in supporting public-private decision-making for socially responsible energy projects. To overcome this problem we aim to develop a methodology to enrich the assessment of energy projects by linking formal assessment to societal informal assessment. We will do so by 1) ex-post analysis of (non)controversial energy projects and 2) action research in running projects in which the methodology will be developed and evaluated. Keywords: 1. Energy 2. Controversy 3. Assessment 4. Public values 5. Institutions 6. Stakeholder participation

Purpose of this study is to design and create a prototype to implement DDoS countermeasures and remediation for in-home networks and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, primarily from attacks using Domain Name System (DNS). We will transfer our techniques and tools to commercial anti-DDoS services, online payment providers and threat intelligence companies. They can implement our practical mitigation strategies and thereby reduce the risk of IoT-based DDoS attacks.