Mosquito-borne diseases place a heavy burden on society, causing widespread suffering and driving poverty. They are increasing in prevalence, geographical distribution and severity, representing a growing threat worldwide. Hence, there is a need for better disease intelligence, capable of anticipating and identifying eco-epidemiological risks leading to explosive epidemics and emergence in previously unaffected areas. The basis of such intelligence stems from a deep understanding of the factors that drive disease circulation, emergence and spread. This requires insights into the complex interplay between humans, pathogen-carrying mosquitoes, pathogen reservoirs (e.g. birds), and a changing environment. The E4Warning consortium brings together interdisciplinary, innovative, and open science to contribute to the One Health paradigm shift that is required to tackle the spread and transmission of zoonotic deadly pathogens, and harness this shift to nowcast and forecast mosquito-borne disease risk in a constantly changing and globally connected environment. Our work aims to disrupt disease transmission pathways connecting humans, mosquitoes, and birds through innovative eco-epidemiological modelling tools and intelligent digital solutions, co-designed and implemented by public health administrations. Open innovation strategies and big data tools are the cornerstone of the next-level One Health Early Warning Systems required in the face of mounting mosquito-borne disease threats.

The vision of FOSTER is to build a foundation from which a new Knowledge and Innovation System (KIS) for Europe’s food system can emerge. The current structure is insufficient to address the emerging challenges of nourishing people in a healthy and sustainable way. Key objective is to gain insights into how it can be built to be more inclusive and better governed. FOSTER shall help to transform Europe’sfood system outcomes and will achieve this by: - building a FOSTER Platform including food system-state of the art knowledge, foresight by semi-automated Horizon scanning, trend and threats-analysis and new multi-dimensional scenarios of EU food systems to 2040; - implementing the FOSTER Academy -including 4 Summer Schools- for integrating food system-related disciplines and citizen science to enhance food system understanding across the ERA; - initiating and assessing a co-creation and co-learning process within six national resp. regional Citizen Driven Initiatives (CDIs), in which new knowledge, strategies and Action Research Agendas are gained; - scaling out and deep CDIs solutions and approaches to other territorial contexts; - studying different R&I mechanisms of policy support for mission-oriented R&I policy for food systems transformation, and analysing and ground-proofing them in each CDI; - strengthening science-policy interfaces by co-learning processes with external experts and developing recommendations for food systems R&I policies tailored to different geographies and sectors; - identifying the trigger pointsto help ‘unlock’system lock-ins and support further dynamics towards system transformation; - and applying reflective monitoring on all FOSTER’s co-learning activities to develop insights into how the KIS can be broadened from an agricultural-KIS to a food system-KIS. To inspire adoption of FOSTER learnings, over 20 workshops and a final conference will be conducted; scientific position papers and policy briefs will be widely communicated.

Malaria killed about 640 thousand people in 2020, largely young children in Africa. Rapid recent progress has led to two anti-sporozoite vaccine developers planning WHO prequalification applications in 2022. These include the new high efficacy R21/Matrix-M vaccine, to be supplied at the required large scale, and led by partners in this consortium. In parallel, recent progress with transmission-blocking malaria vaccines has led to substantial efficacy in a first direct skin feeding field trial. This opens up the prospect of a two-stage vaccine targeting both sporozoites and sexual-stage parasites that should have a major impact on malaria transmission, thereby enabling regional elimination and ultimate eradication. We propose here to develop such a vaccine assessing both established virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines in potent saponin adjuvants and also exciting new thermostable mRNA vaccines expressing the parasite antigens now showing high efficacy. Importantly, we will adopt new VLP design technologies, e.g. SpyCatcher bonding, that allow bivalent antigen display, to enable a single vaccine to protect against both the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, which causes most deaths, and the more widespread Plasmodium vivax parasite. A lead vaccine candidate will be down-selected based on well-studied pre-clinical efficacy models and induction of functional transmission-blocking antibodies, prior to GMP manufacture and a clinical trial in year 4. The consortium brings together academics, non-profits and a wide range of companies with both leading technologies and access to small and very large scale GMP manufacturing capacity. This programme builds on the recent success of several partners in the R21/Matrix-M programme and aims to accelerate the malaria eradication agenda by providing the first vaccine to tackle both major malaria parasite species, and confer both individual and community protection on the way to eradication.

One of the main challenges in Cosmology is the detection of the primordial B-mode of CMB polarization, which would constitute a confirmation of the inflationary period of the Universe. However, the presence of different contaminants, mainly coming from the emissions of our own Galaxy, constitutes one of the major limiting factors to constrain reliably the existence of the B-modes. Indeed, the success of future CMB polarization experiments lies in the improved understanding and removal capability of foreground emissions. RadioForegrounds+ will provide a state-of-the art description of the highly complex properties of the polarised radio emission from our Galaxy, in particular the synchrotron and the anomalous microwave emissions, as well as of the population of radio sources. It will also provide an unprecedentedly thorough description of the intensity signal. This goal can only be achieved by combining the ESA’s Planck satellite maps (30-857GHz) with the unique low frequency experiments considered in this proposal: QUIJOTE (10-40 GHz), C-BASS (5 GHz) and S-PASS (2.3 GHz), by counting within the consortium with experts on the previous data sets (including the teams responsible for QUIJOTE and C-BASS) and by using the most advanced analysis techniques. The combination of these datasets will provide highlevel data products, that will range from more complete radio catalogues, including fainter sources and additional frequency coverage, to new component separated maps in wider regions of the sky. These new data products and models will be made available to the scientific community through widely-used platforms, increasing the scientific return and the impact of the project. We will also provide forecasts of the impact of radio foregrounds on the detectability of the B-mode of polarization for future CMB experiments. The resulting analyses will play a key role in preparing and supporting future international CMB missions as LiteBIRD or ground-based efforts as CMB-S4.

OSTrails aims to advance processes and instruments for Planning, Tracking, and Assessing scientific knowledge production beyond state-of-the art, working with various national and thematic contexts, improving existing infrastructure, and connecting key components. For the Plan stage, OSTrails aims to increase the efficacy of Data Management Plans, turning them from static narratives to living, interconnected “machine actionable” resources, making them the instrument of choice for improving quality of RDM. For the Track stage, OSTrails is set to establish an open, interoperable and high-quality ecosystem of Scientific Knowledge Graphs, enriching them to become evidence of communities’ FAIR implementations. For the Assess stage, OSTrails aims to deliver modular and extendable FAIR tests, towards “machine actionable” metrics, complemented by user guidance embedded in tools assisting any stage of research life cycle. Presented as the OSTrails Commons, the resulting methods, tools, services, guidance & training form the necessary building blocks to provide end-to-end solutions that serve: (i) researchers and research support personnel realise FAIR at any stage of the research life cycle, for any digital object; and (ii) research funding organisations, research performing organisations, publishers to drive the improvement of the quality of RDM for any shared, funded and published research product. OSTrails will lower the barriers to plan and practice FAIR research, moving the dial from FAIR assessment to FAIR assisting practice; also, to enhance traceability and improve evidence-based evaluation of research via a more networked scholarship. OSTrails is deeply rooted in the work of 38 partners, 22 research performing organisations, 5 ESFRI Clusters, and 24 pilots, acknowledging that there is no one-size-fits-all solution and that different national and thematic infrastructures have varying goals and priorities, as well as approaches to streamlining FAIR.