The goal of our project is to establish a consortium of renowned universities and industry partners in the field of electrical machines and additive manufacturing (AM) for a comprehensive study and solid development of new generation of electrical machines for key applications. In detail we will integrate different necessary steps for realizing our goal into an industry-doctoral network. These include multi-material (soft magnetic and non-magnetic materials) rotor, 3D-structured AM conductors, multi-material (soft magnetic and permanent magnet material) and multi-physical study of additive manufactured EMs. the objectives of our projects are: a) conceiving new concepts of electrical machines that benefit from the 3D geometrical freedom of AM, b) studying the potential and laying the foundations of multi-material additive manufacturing to enhance the EM performance, concretely increasing the power density, increasing the torque density, reducing the copper losses, reducing the iron losses, reducing the harmonic effects, c) establishing a network for educating qualified engineers with deep knowledge on both additive manufacturing processes and electrical machines to accelerate the industrial application of this technology, d) establishing a founded knowledge-based group of experts from academic and industry to represent a solid European innovation and to maintain the pioneering role of the EU in this field, e) reaching the necessary breaking-through technology in electrical machines to accelerate the technological development in related applications, f) reducing the stringent material requirements, particularly focusing on rare-earth magnets, in the light of raw materials shortages. We want to use AM to solve the current technological obstacles regarding electrical machines to accelerate the developing of electrical drives in areas such as automotive and aviation with direct impact on CO2 reduction.

Facial prostheses are needed when patients are treated for certain cancers or accidental injuries affecting, for example, the nose, lips, eyes, ears, or skin. The quality of prostheses is naturally very important for patients, both protecting the affected area and giving them confidence, self-esteem, and an improved quality of life. The demand for facial prostheses is growing rapidly, with increases in cancer rates, an ageing population, and rising patient expectations. Within the UK, there are currently over half a million people with facial disfigurement, and each year about 2,500 new patients need facial prostheses. Compounding the problem, prostheses need to be renewed every 12-18 months as they degrade and discolour. At present the production of facial prostheses is technically demanding and lengthy, with the end-product depending on the skill of only a few highly experienced maxillofacial prosthetists. Their number is likely to diminish further with 20% of the workforce due to retire over the next 5 years. A new approach is needed urgently to deliver consistent high-quality prostheses to patients in a timely and cost-effective manner. There are, though, significant challenges. To date, no modern manufacturing method has managed to control medical grade silicone to reproduce facial skin tissue with the necessary softness, colour, surface texture, and flexibility, all in high fidelity. In fact, there is no good computer model for 3D facial skin appearance, even with the latest digital imaging techniques. To meet these challenges, we have brought together a multidisciplinary team of experts and early career researchers (ECRs) from five universities whose expertise is essential for a successful outcome: clinicians in maxillofacial and oral surgery, scientists and engineers in 3D printing (additive manufacture or AM), reconstructive science, biomaterials, colour science, and imaging. The multidisciplinary nature of this project will allow ECRs to gain broader knowledge, skills, and leadership training in different research areas, mentored by researchers at the forefront of their fields. Our work entails several innovations: - introducing 3D hyperspectral imaging and computer modelling of facial skin colour, texture, 3D shape, and translucency for all ethnicities - developing hybrid AM systems for manufacturing medical silicone parts with micron-level modelling of skin surface colour and texture - transforming physical modelling data to digital pipeline AM printer control - formulating new medical silicones and colorants with improved longevity - maintaining throughout a patient-centred approach, with patient feedback incorporated at every stage of the manufacturing process. The tight integration of these advances is central to achieving our goal, enabling the prompt delivery of bespoke ultra-realistic facial prostheses on demand. The results of the research will be delivered mainly through two NHS Foundation Trusts (Manchester University and Guy's and St Thomas', London) and will support regional NHS networks for prosthetic services and charities. We will work with local SMEs to facilitate sustainable research development and further investment. We will share our technological innovations with the clinical, scientific, and engineering communities, especially with developing countries with limited resources.

Introducing porosity onto an aerofoil has been shown to have a significant influence on the boundary layer and provide significant reductions in its noise radiation. This proposal describes a multi-disciplinary research project aimed at understanding and exploiting the interactions between porous aerofoils and the boundary layers developing over them for the purpose of optimising noise reductions without compromising aerodynamic performance. The use of adaptive manufacturing technology will be investigated for providing the optimum porosity at different operating conditions.

GSK is a global healthcare company that discovers, develops and manufactures medicines to treat a range of conditions including: respiratory diseases, cancer, heart disease, epilepsy, bacterial and viral infections (such as HIV and lupus), and skin conditions like psoriasis. GSK makes over 4 billion packs of medicines each year, with the goal of playing its part in meeting some of society's biggest healthcare challenges. Alongside a mission to provide transformative medicines to patients, GSK continually seeks to improve the efficiency and sustainability of our processes across the discovery, manufacturing, and delivery components of our supply chain. Indeed, GSK are committed to ambitious sustainability goals by 2050 that can only be achieved by making existing and future medicines via better routes, driving innovation all the way from the first design of the molecule through to patients in the clinic. This Prosperity Partnership aims to build on existing vibrant collaborations between GSK and the Universities of Nottingham and Strathclyde. The strengths of each partner will be leveraged to deliver a new suite of methods and approaches to tackle some of the major challenges in the discovery, development, and manufacture of medicines. Our vision is to increase efficiency in terms of atoms, energy, and time; resulting in transformative medicines at lower costs, reduced waste production, and shorter manufacturing routes. Key challenge areas, or themes, covered in our partnership include: 1. The development and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning to the efficient identification of next generation medicines: in Drug Discovery, many hundreds of candidate structures are designed, prepared, and tested to find the molecule with the right profile to take into the clinic. The development of AI informed decision making has the potential to deliver huge savings by minimising the number of compounds that need to be made at this stage. The software developed will incorporate green chemistry principles with the goal that the chemical methods employed are as efficient and sustainable as possible. 2. Next generation catalysis and synthesis: Chemists seeking to discover new medicines need new reactions that will allow them to make and investigate structures that are currently difficult, or even impossible, to make. A key objective of this proposal will be to develop new reagents, catalysts, and reactions to facilitate the more efficient preparation of drug-like molecules to accelerate drug discovery. Similarly, we will develop new ways of performing some of the most common chemical transformations in the synthesis of medicines whilst avoiding the use of carcinogenic reagents. 3. Sustainable processes that deliver efficiency and transition to scale-up from grammes to kilogrammes. Currently under-utilised approaches, such as electrochemistry, will be explored for their ability to catalyse reactions with cheaper and less environmentally impactful metals, such as replacing palladium with nickel. 4. A new Digital Design toolset for equipment will enable Digital Manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical processing equipment. Current development relies on existing traditional vessels and flow reactors that compromise our ability to deliver processes that operate at optimal performance. The research will couple advanced process models, state-of-the-art experimentation, and 3-D printing/additive manufacturing technologies to revolutionise how we develop, scale up, and operate chemical processes to supply new medicines. Integration of the projects and the expertise from the three partner institutions, and the successful prosecution of our research objectives, will make a major contribution to the wider pharmaceutical sector and, indeed, GSK's mission of discovering and developing transformative medicines faster to help people do more, feel better, and live longer.

Understanding of turbulent flow characteristics over porous media is central for unravelling the physics underlying the natural phenomena (e.g., soil evaporation, forest and urban canopies, bird feathers and river beds) as well as man-made technologies including energy storage, flow/noise control, electronics cooling, packed bed nuclear reactors and metal foam heat exchangers. In these natural and engineering applications, a step change in the fundamental understanding of turbulent flow and heat transfer in composite porous-fluid systems, which consists of a fluid-saturated porous medium and a flow passing over it, is crucial for characterisation and diagnostic analysis of such systems. Flow and thermal characteristics of the composite systems depends heavily on the interaction between the external flow, downstream wake, and the fluid flow in the porous media. Despite the clear relevance and wide-ranging impact of this problem in nature and engineering, there is a clear lack of fundamental understanding of the flow and thermal characteristics of turbulent flow in composite porous-fluid systems, and the models that relate the exchange of the flow and thermal properties between the porous region and the external fluid passing over it. In particular, the characterisation of the velocity and thermal boundary layers over the porous media, understanding the mechanisms governing flow passage through porous media, possible flow leakage and its interaction with the wake flow, as well as their relationship with the geometric characteristics of porous media, have remained major scientific challenges. This highlights the clear need for a systematic fundamental study aimed at understanding the flow and thermal characteristics of turbulent flow over realistic porous media and the relationship between the properties of porous substrate, the flow within the porous media and the structure of turbulent flow over and past the porous region. In this ambitious collaborative project, we combine the computational and modelling expertise at the University of Manchester and Southampton with the experimental expertise at the University of Bristol, to gain fundamental understanding of the turbulent boundary layer, flow leakage and downstream wake on the flow and thermal characteristics of fluid-saturated porous media. This will be used to establish evidence-based interface flow and thermal models, representing the exchange of flow properties between two regions through the interface. These models will then be used to develop a design tool based on the volume-averaged approach, which is a popular low-cost engineering approach for studying transport in porous media, for real-scale applications where the pore-scale analysis in computationally prohibitive.