In a fairly short time, virtual globes have become a key medium for the visualization of global change, promoted by scientific, political and NGO interests alike. Taking this as a starting point, SPHEROGRAPHIA proposes to reflect on the unequal geo-digitization of the world in terms of spatial justice through a two-pronged study: First, concerning the creation of such globes, to unravel the socio-technical processes that participate in the cartographic story relating to the Anthropocene and to reveal the disparity of their data; and secondly, concerning the effects of such devices, in order to decipher their performativity on both the imaginary and the political commitments of those who promote or feed them. The aim is to question these global environmental images in order to shed light on their uncertainties and the 'blank spaces' that they manipulate explicitly or implicitly. The ambition is also to study how, in the era of post-sovereign cartography, transnational coalitions are taking place in an attempt to make specific regions visible on these globes. The example of the Guiana Shield will serve as a case study. The scientific challenges are methodological (designing a method and a tool for visualizing data deserts), theoretical (integrating the informational dimension into work on spatial and environmental justice) and epistemological (rethinking critical approaches to cartography). The originality of the project is to use a subject that has not yet been fully articulated (virtual globes) in order to address the issue of informational equity of territories by combining a multi-scalar approach (spatial analysis, discourse analysis, geo-visualization, participatory observation, art/science creation) associating geography and geomatics, but also history, semiotics, and both the plastic and digital arts.

Seven workshops, organized alternately in Europe and Asia, enabled skills building between the environmental and information science teams. The cross-skills thus established have enabled the majority of the members of the TORUS program to progress from a multidisciplinarity towards an operational transdisciplinarity - where the disciplines interpenetrate with a common language and knowledge bases. Details of the presentations and courses given during the workshops are available online on the program's website (http://www.cloud-torus.com):1.the meeting between two worlds, geosciences and cloud computing.2.computer architecture and application in environmental sciences.3.cloud computing for air pollution research.4.cloud computing for prospective studies of land use change.5.cloud computing for Remote Sensing.6.HUPI platform and sensitivity analysis.7.TORUS cookbook.In addition to the documents produced for the workshops, three books are published from TORUS productions. Books to be published in 2020 by ISTE editions. The first volume poses the problem of large data in geosciences before presenting the main methods of analysis and IT solutions mobilized to respond to them. The second volume presents remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial data infrastructures (SDI) which are central to all disciplines dealing with geographic space. The third volume is a collection of thematic application cases representative of the specificities of the teams involved in TORUS and which motivated their needs in terms of cloud computing.TORUS also enabled the installation of the two computer servers initially planned and dedicated to cloud computing, one installed at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand, the other at the Vietnam National University in Hanoi in Vietnam. Because to be powerful, the dynamic sharing of IT resources available at the base of coud computing at a cost, having your own equipment allows you to no longer be constrained and limited. Each server is equipped with more than 200 CPUs and powerful processing and storage memories (details on the website), it is possible to use them directly at the infrastructure level (IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service) but the most users develop services at platform level (PaaS - Platform as a Service) in this case HUPI (http://hupi.fr).Finally, TORUS has multiplied communication and promotion actions in order to open the program to other environmental themes and to promote scientific research related to the program (two theses were funded).We had bet with TORUS to bring environmental sciences to information sciences to offer the former the skills to understand the current paradigm of big data and cloud computing while opening up to the latter the environmental thematic dimension taken at very broad sense of the term. There was and there is still an urgent need to bring these universes together so that they work together for the sustainable development of our planet, which needs environmental conditions monitoring and prospective modeling to provide knowledge bases for decision-makers.