The project will investigate energy efficiency determinants for passenger transport and energy use in households in cities. The analysis consists of five original research components: (1) a decomposition analysis of city energy consumption, (2) a survey analysis of household behavior and motivations behind energy consumption, (3) an analysis of the neighborhood effect of energy consumption, (4) a policy analysis based on choice experiments, and (5) a foresight and scenario analysis of household energy consumption in The Netherlands and China. For transport, the decomposition analysis will determine to what extent changes in energy use from personal transport are due to changes in energy mix, vehicle type, passenger kilometer and energy efficiency per vehicle. For households, it will decompose changes in energy use in terms of changes in house type, floor area per capita, and changes in the ownership and use of electric appliances. In this context, a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses will be conducted on the basis of data from yearbooks. The macroscopic decomposition analysis is then combined with the survey analysis. The survey will produce information about behavior, motivations and aspirations, household characteristics, material and socio-economic circumstances, and influence factors for samples of 800 households in China and 800 households in Europe (400 in The Netherlands and 400 in Belgium). These data will then be used to establish a link between the physical, environmental and social characteristics of urban areas, explore the ways in which social parameters affect environmental indicators and assess the energy efficiency of several prospective scenarios. The project will proceed novel experiments in lab to test residents? responses for specific policies. The obtained findings will finally be used to produce scenarios for urban energy consumption in China, The Netherlands and Belgium, and provide policy recommendations to reduce energy consumption of households, at the individual and at the neighborhood scales.