The current interrogations on citizen relationship toward politics - high rate of abstentions, volatility of the electoral behaviors, distrust with regard to the politicians and of the traditional parties - caused reflexions of sociologists and political economists but also from specialists on the history of democracy in France. Our project ambitions to enrich the knowledge on relationship between French people and the State during the long period from the Restoration to the end of the Third Republic. We wish to explain the passage from the statute of subject to that of citizen, how the democracy of mass occurs , how is perceived the national representation? With these questions another dimension is added: the long century over which our work will go is also that of the construction of the modern State which guarantees personal liberties but whose increasing prerogatives constitute as many empietements on these same liberties. From there is born another series of questions: which protests these constraints have they caused, but also which requests for protection are they expressed? Many historical studiestackled these questions by the study of electoral consultations, popular demonstrations, adhesion to parties, trade unions, associations or by the approach of the public opinion which prefects reports enable. To look further into these questions and to try to insert them in the long duration, we propose to analyse a source which, until now, was the object of only partial work: petitions addressed to the assemblies. Recognized under the Revolution, the right of petition allowed citizens as non citizens - women during all the appointed period, immense majority of the men until 1848 – to adress the representatives to express complaints, claims, individual or collective, and to obtain an answer. Indeed, under two monarchies, the assemblies were required to discuss petitions during the meeting, and to discuss it in committee with publication in the J.O under the Third Republic. The absence of thematic classification made difficult the use of this source, preserved at the Archives nationales, which was the object of only partial treatments on behalf of the historians (but also of political economists or lawyers). The source represents a considerable corpus which one can estimate at nearly 2.000 paperboards ( eachone being able to gather several hundreds of petitions). The ambition is to start a vast qualitative and quantitative investigation, aiming at a form of exhaustiveness in the census of the petitions. The current state of the data-processing tools placed at the disposal of the social sciences seems today to make possible such a project. It will be materialized thanks to the establishment of a vast interactive data base. That explains why, besides historians, (ACP EA 3350), a researcher of the Laboratory of Data processing of the Institute Gaspard Monge (UMR 8049) and engineers of the data processing department of the University of Marne-la-Vallé are part of the project. This data base will reiterate the main part of information concerning the authors, the requests and the answers. It eventually must constitute an instrument of research placed at disposal of the scientific community via Internet site of the University. It will enable a research according to the particular interests of each project, which should open many prospects. In parallel, the team intends to undertake specific studies – on delimited periods or according to particular topics - and a global reflexion on the relationship between French people and State, Regimes and national representations.So we will try to tackle the question of public opinion, mentalities and representations, elaborated by historians since the last twenty years, completed by the contributions of contemporary sociology. This collective work will be based on deeply examination of all the proces of petition (considering their parliamentary treatment) and on a statistical analysis aiming at working out, starting from the base, essential outlines of the evolution of the claim. Who petitions, why, in which form, since which area, as many questions which will be the subject of a collective work, conceived at the same time like the conclusion of this project and as the starting point of other uses of the Pétitions base.

This proposal aims to deepen our understanding of how new technologies emerge. To do so, we investigate the knowledge communities formed during the process of technology creation, and their institutions, visions and expectations. Understanding these communities is important because they are the main structures through which scientific knowledge is generated, integrated and transformed into practical outcomes. Their importance is increasing as public policy emphasises innovation-driven growth, and the translation of scientific research into commercially disruptive technologies. Technologies are developed in distributed networks that align and misalign to varying degrees. In the case of emergent fields, desirable technological developments are often hindered as a result of this lack of alignment because there is much uncertainty and researchers or industrialists do not fully understand or agree on the potentials or downsides of the technologies. Hence there is a role for public policy for supporting the coordination of the networks. However, currently there is no methodology for examining these emerging knowledge communities across various dimensions. This project aims to fill this evidence gap and map how these networks develop, align and misalign, to understand: 1) How do epistemic communities come into being? 2) What are the mechanisms underlying the process of community integration? 3) How can the development of communities be effectively managed and influenced by public policy? To answer these questions, we will build on a large body of previous work to construct a theoretical and methodological framework for mapping community integration. For this, we combine quantitative methods for analysing social and cognitive networks using publication data, with novel mixed qualitative-quantitative approaches to capture institutional developments and the visions, values and shared expectations of the researchers. These techniques will allow us to better understand the co-evolution of knowledge and communities and how they are influenced by institutions and visions. The investigation will carry out a total of six case studies of emerging technological fields with potential widespread societal applications, such as ‘nanocrystals for photovoltaics’, ‘lab-on-a-chip for diagnostics’ or ‘asynchronous logic in chip design’. These fields have been chosen for their social relevance, and their relative spread across sciences and industrial sectors, thus allowing for comparisons. They are also exemplary cases of a shift towards more hybrid, socially robust forms knowledge production. The project aims to make three academic contributions. First, it aims to provide new empirical evidence on the ongoing debate on the shift in knowledge production according to which science and technology are becoming more embedded in social contexts than they were in the immediate postwar period. Second, we aim to reveal in a systematic way the role that institutions, visions and expectations play in the emergence of technologies. Third, with the evidence acquired, we aim to investigate the portfolio of policy instruments that may be appropriate for supporting (specific) emerging technologies. Since this last element has strong practical implications for non-academics, an important part of the project will be devoted to discuss the results and tools developed in the study with research managers and policy makers.

Among the first advances towards the automated verification of computer systems is the framework of /finite-state model-checking/, a set of techniques which appeared around 30 years ago and has now become widespread. Its specificity is to represent the system under study as a finite automaton, and to answer various queries on the system using standard algorithmic theory on finite graphs. This setting is particularly effective when analysing so-called /finite-state systems/, such as hardware circuits or certain security protocols, since this formal model is expressive enough to faithfully capture the essential behaviours of such systems. More complex systems, for instance modern software, often exhibit several infinite or at least unbounded aspects, such as recursion, concurrency, the presence of unbounded data structures, and so on. In order to reason about such infinite-state systems, researchers have had to consider more general formal models able to at least partially take into account one or several of these infinite aspects. In this proposal we focus on the treatment of recursion. In this context the simplest systems of interest are sequential recursive programs over bounded data domains, for instance C programs with recursive functions but without pointers. The behaviour of such programs is faithfully represented by pushdown automata, using the automaton's stack to represent the nesting of procedure calls. Several research teams elaborated on this idea to propose effective verification tools for recursive programs. We wish to build up on the existing models for recursive sequential programs and explore the richer setting of higher-order recursion, where arguments of functions are no longer limited to values but can be functions themselves. Known abstract models for dealing with higher-order recursion include higher-order recursion schemes and higher-order pushdown automata or collapsible automata. Recent results over these objects have made this topic one of the main current trends in the community. However many important questions remain open.

The present project will take place in the AlgoB (Algorithmic for Bioinformatic) group (part of the Algorithmic team) of the Institut Gaspard Monge, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée. It is composed of the following members: Guillaume Blin (Assistant professor, Université Paris-Est); Maxime Crochemore (Emerit Researcher, Université Paris-Est and King's college), Isabelle Fagnot (Assistant professor, Université Paris-Est and Université Paris 7), Sylvain Guillemot (Postdoc, Université Paris-Est), Florian Sikora (PhD student, Université Paris-Est), and Stéphane Vialette (group leader, CR CNRS, Université Paris-Est). Research in the AlgoB team includes the design of algorithms for the interpretation, classification and understanding of biological datasets (RNA and protein-protein interaction networks) and algorithmic issues of comparative genomics. Computational biology has a long tradition in Marne-la-Vallée as it started as early as mid-90 with Marie-France Sagot and Maxime Crochemore. However, with the departure of Marie-France Sagot and the emeritus status of Maxime Crochemore, the lab needs to rebuild a new computational biology team. Guillaume Blin has been recruited as an assistant professor in 2006 and Stéphane Vialette came as a CR1 CNRS in 2007 to this end. Florian Sikora started a PhD on algorithmic aspects of biological networks under the supervision of Guillaume Blin and Stéphane Vialette in 2008. The aim of this project is thus two-fold: to strengthen the AlgoB team to make it an attractive place for young dynamic researchers (this includes conducting our ambitious project in close partnership with our well-established national and international connections), and carefully expanding our collaborations with labs of intersecting interests and complementary strengths. The present project is composed of 3 parts (tasks): (i) future research directions and open problems that stem from our work, and (ii) new research directions. Part~1 presents our perspectives on $d$-intervals and $d$-interval related graphs, and linear graphs, pattern matching for permutations and contact maps (starting collaboration with Minghui Jiang, Utah University, USA). Part~2 is concerned with biological networks. We present in this section our theoretical and practical perspectives on biological motifs (collaboration with University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy, University of Bergamo, Italy, University of Barcelona Spain). Finally, Part~3 is devoted to presenting a new project on radiotherapy settings (starting collaboration with Warsaw University, Poland).