Nederland heeft een uitstekende bereikbaarheid. Toch geldt dit niet voor iedereen in dezelfde mate. Een beperkt aanbod van transportmiddelen in combinatie met sociaaleconomische achterstand en/of gezondheidsbeperkingen en een grote afstand tot voorzieningen kunnen leiden tot een verhoogd risico op vervoersarmoede, leidend tot sociale uitsluiting en uiteindelijk een lager welzijn. Er ontbreekt echter nog inzicht in: 1. hoe en in welke mate kwalitatieve factoren (bijvoorbeeld onveiligheid, culturele factoren of gebrek aan vaardigheden) in combinatie met objectieve factoren voor specifieke groepen bijdragen aan vervoersarmoede; 2. in welke mate vervoersarmoede optreedt wat hiervan de sociale en welzijnseffecten zijn. Dit project (Mobimon) beoogt daarom een meer volledig inzicht te genereren in de determinanten en gevolgen van vervoersarmoede in Nederland, om zo een meer gedifferentieerde benadering in het oplossen van vervoersarmoede mogelijk te maken. De doelstelling van dit project is een kwantitatieve meetmethode voor vervoersarmoede te ontwikkelen die in staat is om kwalitatieve factoren te meten die de ervaren transportarmoede bepalen en de effecten op participatie, eenzaamheid en welzijn te meten. Deze meetmethode zal gebaseerd worden op een literatuurstudie en focus groepen met experts. Vervolgens zal de meetmethode gevalideerd worden door middel van een survey. Analyse van de verzamelde surveydata zal eerste inzichten geven in de mate van vervoersarmoede van verschillende groepen mensen.

The growing urbanization concentrated in large cities poses enormous challenges to the society. The efficient use of available infrastructure and sound mobility and logistics planning and control frameworks are among the main challenges. This proposal focuses on logistics and mobility, and seeks to reconcile economic, social and ecological objectives. That is: transport and logistics should be maximally efficient, with minimum delay and limited adverse environmental effects (carbon and particle emission, noise). In particular, we focus on the use of massively available planning and floating-car data in addition to data from roadside equipment, to enable dynamic control of both freight and passenger flows. In addition, we will extend existing mathematical models for road traffic so as to jointly study interacting bottlenecks while capturing the essential characteristics of road traffic dynamics. In an urban setting, optimal control for smooth traffic flow requires an integrated approach, simultaneously controlling the network of intersections as a whole. Besides the ?network view? our research proposal is also innovative in accurate traffic modeling. We will combine distinct modeling approaches to accurately capture the essential dynamics of road traffic. Depending on the research questions at hand, we will use microscopic models that mimic individual car dynamics, mesoscopic models that capture aggregated traffic flows and macroscopic models that incorporate space-related dynamics in urban networks with different characteristics.

Accessibility and sustainability are important conditions for vital and resilient cities, but are under pressure especially in urban areas. Congestion, local air quality, parking; these are different challenges that, however, have in common that effective solutions require behavioural change in addition to technological innovation. This project aims to develop, test and evaluate ?smart? measures to affect behaviour. The measures are smart in the first place because they offer an innovative mix of negative and positive financial incentives, thus bypassing some of the main disadvantages of pricing (notably a very limited acceptability) and of rewarding (in particular limited budgets and induced demand). The measures are also smart because they have a highly innovative technological character, not only from the conceptual viewpoint (e.g. tradable driving permits) but also from the technological perspective (e.g. linking real time automated vehicle identification to virtual market environments). These smart measures will be studied from a multidisciplinary perspective, where forces are joined among economists, psychologists, traffic engineers and policy analysts, and will be evaluated from the perspectives of effectiveness, acceptability, and efficiency - paying attention to key urban challenges such as accessibility and environmental quality. The project has a very strong rooting in the urban reality as the case studies are undertaken jointly with Amsterdam Zuidas, Rotterdam, Groningen, and the Amsterdam ArenA area.