The worldwide prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has increased steadily over the last decade, affecting up to 10.8 % of the pregnancies in France, mainly due to the rising proportion of women with pre-pregnancy overweight, sedentary lifestyle and advanced maternal age at birth. GDM fuels the type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemic in the next generation. Whether nutritional interventions during critical time windows in early life, such as breastfeeding could mitigate this risk remains to be explored. Indeed, despite emerging evidence of the infant-health benefit of breastfeeding in GDM, there is still a paucity of data concerning GDM-breast milk (BM) composition in regard with consensual key regulators of energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In original studies, GDM-MILK consortium reported adaptations of BM composition in link with maternal diet or physiological status in human cohorts and in a cross-fostering rodent model of programming. Interestingly, in a pilot study conducted on GDM mothers, using comprehensive human BM (HBM) metabolomics/lipidomics analyses, we evidenced a specific GDM-HBM signature. Based on these preliminary data, GDM-MILK plans to (i) achieve the identification and validation of BM bioactive compounds associated with maternal glycaemia in existing human cohorts and integrate compositional and clinical data, (ii) validate the HBM bioactive components in a pre-clinical rodent model of GDM and explore the mechanisms of adaptations of key maternal organs (pancreas-placenta-mammary gland) impacting GDM-milk composition, and (iii) in vivo using cross-fostering, evaluate the functional impact of a cocktail of milk components previously selected by in vitro studies, on the sensitivity/secretion of insulin in the male and female offspring. This project will provide a major breakthrough in the understanding of lactation period as a sustainable intervention that may curb the T2D pandemic in the next generations and also yield the scientific basis for nutritional recommendations for mothers with GDM and their infants. Therefore, GDM-MILK perfectly fits the research axis Translational Health Research.

Understanding and quantifying uncertainties (UQ) in aviation structures is vital to assessing risk and safety. UPBEAT will create novel UQ methods and tools to support the production of safer and more innovative aircraft structures and engines while reducing uncertainties in product and engineering lifecycles. The project focuses on metal-composite hybrid aerospace engine parts that are lighter, more durable and cheaper. Innovative design solutions for hybrid interfaces can be achieved using metal additive manufacturing (AM) bonded with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). Advanced models of materials and processes will be developed using sophisticated in-situ and ex-situ monitoring and metrology. In aviation engines, the outlet guide vane (OGV) is an essential component that helps de-swirl the flow field from the fan. The OGV's stiffness is crucial as it influences the engine's performance and includes a major load path from its core to the wing. The OGV with two types of CFRP vanes and titanium end fittings will be used as a demonstrator. By combining AM with advanced in-situ melt pool monitoring and characterization (micro-CT & nanoindentation), digital models will be used to optimize design and manufacturing processes and increase awareness on efficiency, safety and risk. This will result in 20-40% weight reduction and 50-70% fewer defects. Streamlined product development reduces qualification time by 30-40% and costs by 25-35%. In-line quality assurance support lowers manufacturing costs by 30-50% and time by 20-30%. UPBEAT will: ✔ Increase understanding of the process, structure, property, & performance with safety focus ✔ Advance process models (AM, CFRP) for planning & optimization ✔ Develop verification and validation using multi-scale models ✔ Integrate UQ in design, materials, manufacturing, qualification, & certification ✔ Demonstration of UPBEAT technologies using a complex aviation use case

Social sciences of work and politics have poorly documented the relationship between health and political activity. However, research focusing on elected representatives suggests that there is a need to study this subject. On the one hand, the literature emphasises the intensity of political work, on the other hand, it reminds us that dedication is a central component of the political ethos. This tension, which is structurally inscribed in political activity, invites us to consider the health of elected representatives as an object of research. To do so, we hypothesise that tensions between, on the one hand, multiple forms of testing and wear and tear resulting of the requirements of the function, which can potentially degrade health, and, on the other hand, injunctions to dedication and norms of conduct requiring good health, affect the exercise of political mandate(s). The ELUSAN project, which focuses on professional elected officials (national and local), will contribute to enriching and renewing knowledge of the political profession, by combining contributions from the sociology of work and political science. The objective is to answer four linked questions: What are the salient features of the working conditions of elected representatives? How do tacit professional norms on health circulate in the political field? How has the institutional protection of elected officials' health been differentiated and unequal? How is health inscribed in work experiences and political careers? Finally, the ELUSAN project seeks to make a double break. A break with ordinary but also indigenous discourses that tend to deny any physical or psychological weaknesses to elected representatives and a break with academic approaches to politics that do not consider health as a significant component of political activities.

Leishmaniasis is a severe public health issue and the current treatments are toxic, costly or lead to parasite resistance, thus there is an urgent need for new drugs. The TEXLEISH consortium proposes a new paradigm: inhibiting host-parasite interactions, through targeting Leishmania exoproteome, in order to limit the risk of parasite resistance. TEXLEISH synergizes important expertise in medicinal chemistry, kinase-based drug discovery, parasite biology and in vivo testing to optimize CTN1122, a potent antileishmanial lead compound, into an orally active, safe, effective drug candidate. This process involves iterative rounds of chemical synthesis, assessment of its efficacy, toxicity, in vitro bioavailability, in vivo efficiency on animal models and the study of its mechanism of action. The TEXLEISH project will constitute a proof of concept to validate pathogen exoproteome as the future of target-based strategies.

The OPTISOL project aims to increase the competitiveness of solar thermal power plant by increasing the solar conversion efficiency at high temperature in particular through the implementation of combined cycles. The key component of such solar processes is the solar receiver that must delivers air in the temperature range between 700 ° C and 1100 ° C. We propose a breakthrough approach by implementing a porous structures with variable optical properties that have a selective behavior in relation to solar radiation and can thus limit the radiative losses of surfaces and increase heat transfer by convection. The proposed methodology integrates all aspects of the problem since the development of materials to the testing of solar receivers on a scale basis of 5kW through the modeling of volumetric radiative properties and detailed transfer coupling. The target is to increase thermal efficiency of such receptor by 10%.