TRUST focuses on personal data protection measures to meet the objectives of the RGPD but also the texts in preparation such as the "Data Act" or the "Data Governance Act". We propose to study and develop new security solutions, based on advanced cryptography, for use cases involving the reuse of personal data. These use cases will present various configurations in terms of actors, type of data and processing, opening the way to different technical and legal issues. We thus seek to anticipate legal evolutions and prepare technical architectures to allow the reuse of personal data in compliance with the various legal frameworks.

The GEOPRAS consortium comprises seven partners that have been involved for several years in coastal archaeology. Our programme studies the coastal societies of recent Prehistory (Mesolithic and Neolithic) on the French Atlantic shores in order to understand their social and economic organization and the role they play in broader historical dynamics such as neolithization. Characteristics such as the accumulation of goods through storage, specialised modes of production, and the emergence of a social hierarchy or a sedentary lifestyle are often attributed to these coastal populations, on the basis of ethnographic documents from the last two centuries. However, each of these social manifestations must be described according to regional environmental variables, without evolutionary preconceptions. Our research hypothesis is that environmental dynamics have greatly facilitated certain forms of historical evolution. This encourages us to determine with greater precision the nature of these environmental transformations, then to analyse human networks at the continent-ocean interface. The first task will be to restore the environmental benchmarks. During the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, most coastal landscapes were radically transformed by the sea-level rise and the associated processes of erosion and sedimentation. The coastal environments of the past will be reproduced through a three-level approach combining a large scale (region) with an intermediate scale (nearby landscape) and a local scale (archaeological site). Our consortium proposes a combination of methods suited to different geographical conditions (dunes, rocky coasts, marshlands) around the Bay of Biscay, testing the limits of several of them. To gain the best possible understanding of an "archaeological signal", the GEOPRAS project will focus on developing rapid intervention and rescue methods for archaeology and geoarchaeology. We intend to apply these methods to sites currently being excavated or whose exploration is planned as part of the project, such as foreshore and marshland sites and shell middens. Optimal integrated methods and procedures will be developed for the recording of archaeological remains, which are often ephemeral on foreshores, as well as for sampling, particularly in shell middens. These procedures include geophysical surveys, archaeozoology, micromorphology, geochemistry, taphonomy, metagenomic approaches, and OSL datings. The second task is to study how human societies have managed the land-sea interface. Shell middens have become the emblematic nodes of these coastal Holocene settlements because they contain an abundance of bio-archaeological data. They will be analysed to judge biodiversity as well as food practices. The third task is to understand the specific features of technical systems in a maritime context, especially seafaring. This technical field is at the heart of all the questions raised about the relationships between coastal areas, as well as the decisive features of the various technical systems developed in these areas. To overcome the lack of knowledge of prehistoric watercraft, we suggest an approach, based on three disciplinary poles in permanent interaction: 1) ethnographic and historical references, 2) technological and use-wear analyses of lithic and bone tools, 3) experimentation. In addition to proposing methodological developments, we aim to lay down the conceptual, methodological and technical foundations of a maritime prehistory with procedures adapted to coastal heritage. The results will be included in a handbook of maritime prehistory, to be published in French and English. The involvement of amateur archaeologists, observers, tourists and other citizens in scientific tasks will be anticipated and coordinated by inviting them to take part in the main scientific meetings and, of course, in field operations such as surveys, excavations and experiments.

Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis recognized as a key player of the control of intermediary metabolism. To date, this cellular function is presumed to be restricted to mammals and birds, due the absence of an identifiable LAMP2A, a limiting and essential protein for CMA, in phylogenetically earlier species. However, we recently identified the existence of lamp2a in several fish species. In this context, we propose to define for the first time whether or not a CMA (or a CMA-like) process is ancestral to mammalian/bird species and determine the physiological relevance of the newly identified lamp2a homolog in fish with respect to that process. To address this issue, our strategy will be based on two complementary approaches. We will first characterize the repertoire and the expression of genes involved in CMA in a large number of fish species of agronomical, ecological and scientific interest. The growing number of fish species whose genome was completely sequenced as well as our advances in transcriptome analysis allows including in our study a large number of fish species and thus to provide a comprehensive picture of the “genetic structure” of CMA in fish. Secondly, we will decipher the physiological role of the newly identified lamp2a homolog in fish. Recently, we have generated knockout medaka (Oryzias latipes) for the corresponding lamp2a splice variant of the lamp2 gene, by using the genome-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9. We will therefore perform an exhaustive phenotyping of the lamp2a mutant medaka (at both histological, biochemical and molecular levels) in order to determine the metabolic changes induced by the deletion of lamp2a and the possible existence of a CMA activity in medaka. This project gathers two partners (UMR1419 NuMeA and UR1037 LPGP) with highly complementary expertise and skills in autophagy, fish genomics, gene editing technology and fish metabolism. A major aim of the team members is to put together and mutually benefit from complementary scientific as well as technical expertise of each one of the scientists involved in this project. The present consortium has thus the required complementarity and added value to successfully carry out the present project. The involvement of a PhD student in the present project will also strengthen the cohesion of the consortium. Overall this project, which does not present any particular risk, will demonstrate the existence of a CMA activity - not yet suspected - in fish. Addressing the role of lamp2a and the possible existence of CMA activity in fish will represent a major breakthrough in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of metabolism in these species and provide the necessary fundamental knowledge to cope with the challenges of aquaculture. Moreover, the comparative functional genomics approach across phylogenetical distant species will provide an entirely new aspect of the autophagy research by exploring the extent to which the CMA network has diverged during vertebrate evolution. Finally, the national and international partnership network of the members involved in this project will guarantee an effective dissemination of the obtained results to both the aquaculture industry and the academic partners.

This project aims at studying the "digital turn", that is, the transition of a cultural realm defined by the presence of physically available media content to a world where digitized media, that is likely to deeply reconfigure our ways of being in the world. In order to analyze this "digital revolution", we will focus on artistic contexts, and, more specifically, on music in everyday life, and its socio-technical reconfiguration. We have chosen this relatively narrow subject to conduct our investigations for a series of reasons. Firstly, music consumption is a widely shared social experience in which technological innovation - Acetate to Mp3 - is a key element in the transformation. Second, illegal downloading and peer to peer file sharing have become major issues of public debate, legislation and intervention. Finally, our everyday experience of music is not limited to listening, but engages our identities, our conception of time, our emotions and attachments, our ways of understanding and articulating public and private space, etc., in short, it constitutes a very complete social experience.Furthermore, we are seeing since the early 2000s a turning point where the model of the music business goes through an almost uninterrupted market recession, while simultaneously, the digital music sales expand significantly. Indeed, digitization of content - what Fabien Granjon and Clément Combes have named the "digitamorphosis," succeeding Antoine Hennion’s "discomorphosis", drives a shift in the way amateurs relate to musical content. The rules of listening and interpretation are not immutable. An entire century of music recordings and experiments has already transformed what we expect from music, its creative processes, and the soundscapes and formats that make our everyday musical experience. However, these changes depend on discrete value alterations accumulating over time, and, among other things, on a standardization of traditional codes and more recent practices. In short, as digital schemes develop, the limits of what is acceptable are modified: listening, possessing, sharing or archiving are experiences that are evolving due to streaming technologies, the co-existence of multiple listening devices (personal computer, home stereos, portable music players), and the presence of musical content in social networks. Thus, digitization of music subverts the dominant paradigm of media and medium as a merged whole (tape, acetate, CD), suggesting then the possibility of a new paradigm: that of music as a service and not just a data. We could be going from a product-based society to a society of experience. In order to carry out this project in which cultural sociologists, ethnomusicologists and computer science specialists participate from three partner laboratories (Atlantic Centre of Philosophy at the University of Nantes, Nantes Computing Laboratory ; Arts and Language Research Center at EHESS), we will set three goals: first, to establish a chronological sequence of the "digital turn", bringing about simultaneously a reflective analysis on what it means to take a socio-historical approach on this type of transformation. Second, we seek to understand how the shift from an analog culture to a digital one, as well as the appearance of a “native-digital” generation, may transform our every day musical experience. Finally, we will consider the hypothesis of digital technology (and especially social networks) as a lever of transformation of the traditional paradigms that shape our present understanding of musical taste, legal frameworks for musical consumption and political ideals of democracy through the Internet.

The RACOON project (Coherent dual-comb lidar adapted to the marine environment) is part of the development of new underwater imaging techniques, both for military applications (threat detection, intrusion, monitoring of sensitive sites, etc.) and civilian (resource detection, submerged works monitoring, navigation safety and wreck inspection...). This project aims to validate the concept of a coherent underwater lidar, develop a prototype, then test it and characterize its performances under realistic conditions of underwater environment. RACOON therefore proposes to go beyond the state of the art of underwater lidar, which is based so far exclusively on an incoherent approach, that is to say that the signal detected is the light intensity. On the contrary, the coherent approach, which relies on the detection of the electric field, offers a priori important advantages. Indeed, in this approach, the signal varies as the inverse of the distance to the target (against the inverse square in the incoherent approach). In addition, the detection of the field makes possible the filtering of the photons diffused by the particles suspended in the sea water, and therefore must significantly increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, coherent detection offers the possibility of measuring the movements or speeds of the target. First, we will demonstrate the relevance of the coherent approach on a 532 nm laboratory test system, which will allow a simple direct comparison of coherent and in coherent configurations. This test system will also be characterized during the project, in the seawater tank DEXMES of the Laboratoire Géo-Océan, in Brest, which allows to have controlled marine environments (turbidity, flow velocity). Then we will develop a coherent lidar prototype in the blue-green spectrum. This prototype is based on an architecture well mastered by the FOTON Institute, a double loop with frequency shift (or bi-directional loop). Initially, a 1550 nm loop will be made on the basis of the experience acquired by the laboratory on previous projects (ANR COCOA, ANR Astrid MECHOUI). A tripling frequency stage will reach the blue-green region (517 nm), suitable for underwater propagation. This prototype, which uses the principle of dual-comb and multi-heterodyne detection, must offer a sub-centimeter resolution. It will be tested first in the DEXMES tank, then, at the end of the project, in the IFREMER instrumented channel (50 m) which will characterize the performance of the prototype under realistic conditions, in terms of scope, resolution, signal to noise, and the ability to measure movements and speeds. In parallel, a technology watch task will be conducted on the sources and components in the blue-green spectrum. For the moment, the performances of these do not allow the realization of a dual-comb system directly in this spectral range, but we anticipate in the long run this possibility, which will greatly simplify future coherent underwater lidar systems. The RACOON project is a 36-month, single-partner project led by two teams from the FOTON Institute, in Rennes and Lannion. It will draw on the experience and know-how of external collaborators (). The work will be carried out by researchers, faculty members, and technical staff of the FOTON Institute, with the help of a postdoctoral researcher recruited for theis project.