Drug resistant mutations can appear when the selective pressure given by a pharmacological treatment causes the evolution of pathogen proteins towards variants that become unaffected by the drug. Currently, to select therapies against pathogens, genotypic resistance analyses and tables of resistance mutations are employed to decide the best treatment for the patients. However, these screenings ignore evolutionary changes that can appear as pathogens adapt, potentially leading to drug resistance. To address this limitation, the prediction of which variants are more probable to occur in the pathogen population can be useful in selecting "a priori" therapies active against those variants before their potential expansion toward reservoirs more inaccessible to drugs. In this proposed work, I will apply molecular evolution and computational structural biology techniques to evaluate the evolutionary trajectories of HIV-1 drug targets proteins that lead to resistance against common antiretroviral treatments. I will calculate protein fitness landscapes based on protein folding stability and activity, also considering binding to inhibitors. Next, I will use evolutionary information from protein fitness landscapes to improve substitution models of evolution. The evolutionary trajectories predicted by combining substitution models and fitness landscapes will be validated through comparisons with real data from monitored HIV-1 populations evolved "in vitro" and "in vivo". Finally, I will focus on calculating the probability of evolutionary trajectories toward resistance variants. This research has the potential to improve the selection of therapies for pathogens by providing predictive tools that consider the evolutionary dynamics of these microorganisms. Furthermore, the results of the project have the potential to be a breakthrough in the field of molecular evolution as this methodology could also be applied to predict the evolution of other pathogens.

The Quantum Secure Networks Partnership (QSNP) project aims at creating a sustainable European ecosystem in quantum cryptography and communication. A majority of its partners, which include world-leading academic groups, research and technology organizations (RTOs), quantum component and system spin-offs, cybersecurity providers, integrators, and telecommunication operators, were members of the European Quantum Flagship projects CIVIQ, UNIQORN and QRANGE. QSNP thus gathers the know-how and expertise from all technology development phases, ranging from innovative designs to development of prototypes for field trials. QSNP is structured around three main Science and Technology (ST) pillars. The first two pillars, “Next Generation Protocols” and “Integration”, focus on frontier research and innovation, led mostly by academic partners and RTOs. The third ST pillar “Use cases and Applications” aims at expanding the industrial and economic impact of QSN technologies and is mostly driven by companies. In order to achieve the specific objectives within each pillar and ensure that know-how transfer and synergy between them are coherent and effective, QSNP has established ST activities corresponding to the three main layers of the technology value chain, “Components and Systems”, “Networks” and “Cryptography and Security”. This framework will allow achieving the ultimate objective of developing quantum communication technology for critical European infrastructures, such as EuroQCI, as well as for the private information and communication technology (ICT) sectors. QSNP will contribute to the European sovereignty in quantum technology for cybersecurity. Additionally, it will generate significant economic benefits to the whole society, including training new generations of scientists and engineers, as well as creating high-tech jobs in the rapidly growing quantum industry.

Joint project for the modernization of educational programs in Engineering (security in the administration and management of computer networks and systems), national priority for Moldova and Kazakhstan, regional priority for Vietnam.GOAL IN EACH OF THE THREE COUNTRIES:Overcome skills gaps on the intermediate levels (technicians, maintenance and protection of the systems and networks) and upper level (design, engineering for the protection of computer systems and networks), improving the employability of students and perfecting technicians and executives in companies.Aim of the project is to create a Bachelor and a professional Master degrees for the development, administration, management, protection of computer systems and networks in businesses in Moldova, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, at least partly avaiable by distance learning. Moreover, the project will allow to set up a training device targeting already active progfessionals (lonlg life learning).PRINCIPAL ACADEMIC PARTNERS:- International Telematic University UNINETTUNO (IT)- GIP FIPAG (FR) - CESIE (IT) - University of West Attica (former Piraeus University of Applied Sciences) (GR)- University of Library Studies and Information Technologies (BG)- University of Vigo (ES)- Technical University of Moldova (MD)- Alecu Russo Balti State University- State University of Moldova (MD)- Academy of Economy Studies of Moldova (MD)- L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (KZ)- Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University (KZ)- Al-Farabi Kazak National University (KZ)- Kokshetau Abaï Myrzakhmetov University (KZ)- Taraz State University (KZ)- Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (VN)- Hanoï University of Science and Technology (VN)- Vietnam University of Agriculture (VN)EXPECTED RESULTS :24 teachers trained in EU6 job descriptions, 3 lBachelors and 3 professional Masters , curricula, course contents and digital learning resources available online. 3 centers of excellence for network safety. 3 didactic Cyberspaces , 810 students and 150 employees trained.12 Double degrees or joint degrees.

With the fast development of electronic devices and computing technologies, various emerging applications (e.g., big data analysis, artificial intelligence and 3-dimensional (3D) media, Internet of things, etc.) have been entering our society with significant amounts of data traffic. While mobile networks are already indispensable to our society for “anywhere anytime connection,” one main characteristic of future mobile networks (i.e., B5G: Beyond 5G) is the very huge amount of data, which requires very high throughput per devices (multiple Gbps, up to Tera bps: Tbps) and multiple Tbps per area efficiency (Tbps/km2). Though some disrupting 5G technologies may provide a few Gbps service, it is still not able to achieve hundreds of Gbps or Tbps rates. In the near future, the peak rate of mobile communication networks is expected to reach hundreds of Gbps or even Tbps rates, which requires either very high spectrum efficiency (e.g., much higher than 10 bits/s/Hz) in millimetre wave bands or very large bandwidth (e.g., more than 20GHz) . While the former is very challenging, the latter can be achieved in THz bands (roughly, 100GHz to 10THz). The design of ubiquitous access with very high rates in mobile and heterogeneous network (HetNet) environments is the key to the development of future mobile networks, and so the objective of this collaborative 6G-TERAFIT is to create a knowledge transfer between the researchers and the engineers who will contribute to the design and implementation of future B5G ultra-fast networks and create the pedestal for them to become potential leaders in the resulting scientific, technological, and industrial fields. This project is committed to creating an “excellent” educational training platform that is multi-disciplinary and inter-sectoral in nature.