The main purpose of this project is to identify why and how the construction, and today’s reinforcement in DOMs societies, of boundaries which split the “close” ones from the “remote” ones, particularly on ethno-racial’s basis, came to challenge the application of the so-called French republican model in Overseas departments; with respect to the relations between groups that represent those societies on the one hand and in regards to the relationship with the metropolitan France on the other hand. This identification aims to better estimate the obstacles that impede the resolution of numerous economic and social difficulties and which overwhelm the future of those territories in question within the French ambit. The review of the present challenge involves several tensions and furthermore, implies an examination as accurate as possible of the extent of blindness and "white lies" that commonly characterized the implementation of the above-named model, dealing with the weakening of its normative references, abstract and universal. The widespread movement of social protest that occurred in these DOMs in late 2008 and early 2009, whose social actors have expressed - beyond immediate material claims - an overall discomfort regarding the frustrations related to their citizenship. The social actors of the widespread social movement that occurred in these DOMs in late 2008 and early 2009 expressed – beyond immediate material claims – an overall discomfort and frustration related to their citizenship. Thereby, “les Etats généraux de l’Outre-mer “ of last year and the last referendum held in French Guyana and Martinique in January 2010, on a constitutional and institutional amendments of these two departments, represent the background of the planned work. All these events, which have been perfect examples of the main ambiguity linked with the core of social and political dynamics in the construction process of boundaries, must be subject to examination. This ambiguity must challenge drastically the distance of a central State considered being far away and, therefore, to claim the focus of social and political life of these departments on the basis of the proximity that exists between their inhabitants - proximity perceived as automatic and adorned with all virtues, - while waiting for that only State most of the reparation of evils which are reported. The assumption here formulated that the construction of boundaries drawn by the dialectic of the discursive categories of "proximity" and "distance" in various social fields in DOMs societies is not fully effective insofar as it is validated, recovered and eventually redirected or reformatted in a politization process- both by local officials and by the central government - which constitutes theses boundaries in public affairs, when not directly the consequences of forces or political institutions themselves. Therefore, it is the study of terms and conditions, issues and effects - principally in terms of strategies – of this politization that this project wishes to pay a particular attention. Confronted, like many others society, to the major challenge of having to reconcile the requirement of equal treatment of all citizens with the consideration by the Republican State of the historical and cultural particularities (the notorious "specificities"), the DOMs can and should benefit from the general agreement that seems to finally admit that we can be both "equal and different." Nevertheless, the question remains whether such compatibility does not know limitations and if there are, what they are. This question constitutes the essential part of the cogitation to be conducted under a program of research on societies, which never stop asking and rearranging the issue of the common and the specific by articulating constantly the notions of proximity and distance.