The 4SECURail proposal addresses the Open Call S2R-OC-IP2-2019 "Demonstrator development for the use of Formal Methods in railway environment-Support to implementation of CSIRT to the railway sector." The Open Call takes a two-fold perspective by working, on the one hand, on the Demonstrator for the use of Formal Methods (FM), and on the other hand, on the implementation of Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) for Railways. Work stream 1 "Demonstrator development for the use of FormalMethods in Railway Environment" will provide a demonstrator of state-of-the-art Formal Methods and tools to evaluate the learning curve and to perform a cost/benefit analysis of the adoption of formal methods in railway industry. The following overall objectives will be targeted: 1) The development of the demonstrator; 2) The identification of a railway signalling subsystem, described by means of standard interfaces and 3) The specification and evaluation of the cost/benefit ratio and learning curves for adopting the demonstrator in the railway environment. Work stream 2 "Support to implementation of CSIRT to the railway sector" will address TD2.11, establishing a CSIRT collaborative environment.The work stream 2 specific objectives are: 1) To define stakeholder requirements for a European Rail CSIRT collaborative activity, a 2) To test and validate the draft CSIRT model; 3) To identify relevant platforms to support CSIRT collaboration and, based on requirements and CSIRT model, specify and adapt to meet CSIRT needs and 4) To test and updated the CSIRT collaborative environment so as to ensure meeting user needs. The 4SECURail proposal answers to both technical topics, adopting common Management and Dissemination with a well-balanced effort.

Regulators and decision-makers at different levels of government seem overwhelmed by the challenge, acknowledging that existing frameworks may be inadequate in terms of protecting society, fostering business development and achieving integrated, sustainable mobility. In light of this, GECKO’s main goal is to support authorities with tools and recommendations for new regulatory frameworks to lead the transition to the new mobility era of cooperative, inclusive, competitive, sustainable and interconnected mobility across all modes, through evidence-based research. GECKO provides a holistic approach with innovative concepts, methodologies and forward-looking tools to enable this transition to take place, leading to new, adaptive and anticipatory regulatory schemes and balanced governance. It will build on the strong networks of the partners on the project to ensure all solutions are co-designed and validated before submission. A number of key indicators and cooperation models will help to develop the Regulatory Frameworks Dashboard, with which the maturity of regulation with respect to emerging mobility solutions can be judged. The final output will be to provide recommendations to policy makers to enable adaptive and anticipatory regulatory schemes and governance with novel policies contributing to sustainable mobility goals. GECKO will outline an implementation plan with actions up to 2040 needed to devise regulatory approaches for disruptive innovations and identify new regulatory frameworks streamlining uptake. GECKO will advise policy makers of challenges and policies that need to be addressed to move towards integrated, accessible and sustainable mobility across modes for passenger and freight transport.

DYNAFREIGHT stands for Innovative technical solutions for improved train DYNAmics and operation of longer FREIGHt Trains. The project will provide inputs for the development of the next railway freight propulsion concepts within S2R. Two main areas will be addressed: 1. Freight running gear for locomotives: DYNAFREIGHT will design and develop the necessary concepts that will allow a locomotive freight bogie to reduce wheel and track wear, to have lower noise and lower LCC, by focusing on: • Materials with freight vehicle applicability that allow a lighter bogie frame. • Noise optimized wheelsets and absorbing structures to reduce running gear related noise. • Passive and mechatronic systems for radial steering, improving running performances compared to conventional bogies. Reduction of wheel wear and damage, improved traction in curves and reduced resistance to motion in sharp curves will be achieved. • Monitoring of the most maintenance cost-intensive bogie elements, reducing LCC and improving the reliability and availability of the locomotive. 2. Operation of long freight trains: following the outcomes of MARATHON, DYNAFREIGHT will prepare the path for regular operations of long freight trains: • Defining functional, technical and homologation requirements for a radio remote controlled system. • Proposing safety precautions in train configuration and brake application by simulating the longitudinal forces and the derailment risk of long freight trains. • Identifying infrastructure adaptions for the operation of long freight trains. By the end of the project, the main achievements will be: • Improved performances: traction, speed, running dynamics and wheel/rail efforts • Reduced rail freight noise at the source • Enhance capacity/traffic throughput with the operation of longer trains • Reduced of operation and maintenance costs (reduce wheel and rail wear, smarter maintenance, etc.)

Most maintenance activities in the current railway system are carried out on a scheduled basis. This potentially means that components and sub systems are not replaced at the optimum time and that components fail between interventions. SMaRTE will provide the methodology for implementation of a Condition Based Maintenance system appropriate for the railway. This will allow maintenance to be tailored around the actual remaining life of key components and will reduce costs and improve reliability and availability. Knowledge and experience from other sectors will be extracted and new scientific methods for handling data and setting up architectures and intelligent systems to process data will be developed; appropriate to the railway system. Case studies will be designed and carried out for two different but typical passenger railways and lessons learned will be used to improve the system definitions. The final result of the SMaRTE project will be a CBM system which works for passenger railways and will result in reduced system costs and improved system reliability. The premise of SMaRTE (Human Factors) is that reducing customer cognitive effort is key to rail usability. Achieving a more streamlined process of accessing rail should increase its attractiveness. Whilst there is substantial evidence on the impact of factors such as fares / journey time on rail usage, the impact of more subtle factors deterring passengers from using rail are less understood. SMaRTE places the focus on the customer, utilising an innovative multi-disciplinary approach to understand the primary factors impacting on user decisions to choose rail (or an alternative) – and producing new quantitative evidence on the relative importance of those factors. The final result of SMaRTE will be a set of quantified factors influencing rail usability, and recommendations on how to decrease the cognitive effort and onward mobility for rail journeys through a “Smart Journey Vision” and rail map of measures.