This proposal is for a study of intercultural, interethnic and interreligious encounters as exemplified by Jews and Muslims in urban Europe. The largest European populations of these two groups - overwhelmingly urban, concentrated in the same cities, and, strikingly, often in the same neighbourhoods - are in France, Germany and the UK, countries which on the face of it have followed different national models of framing majority-minority relations, creating ideal conditions for a comparative study of the possibilities of living together in urban Europe. Although the academic evidence indicates negative attitudes to Jews and to Muslims correlate with each other in wider society, in the current century public discourse has instead emphasised growing antagonism between them, relating to events in the Middle East (including the intractable Israel/Palestine conflict) and to the rise of Islamist terror and consequent war on terror. For example, commentators have pointed to Muslims as key perpetrators of antisemitism. Ethnographic research, however, suggests that relations in urban neighbourhoods are often more complex: everyday commercial exchange, cultural traffic within music and arts scenes, both spontaneous and institutionalised interfaith initiatives, nostalgic attempts to retrieve earlier (real or imagined) periods of conviviality, and banal contact in the street are among the many - but not necessarily conflictual - forms these relations can take. To address the lack of both empirical and conceptual research dedicated to comparative study of these two minorities, we will bring together a breadth of quantitative attitudinal data with a depth of qualitative (ethnographic and discourse analysis of community media) research. To do this our transnational collaboration will explore the specificities of and commonalities between the countries, shaped by different national histories and philosophies of integration and different traditions around the place of religion in social and political life, but also by local variations on national policies, to better understand how different types of positive, neutral and negative relations might arise. At the national scale, this includes an examination of the varied migration and colonial histories, and of the classical models often attributed to European countries-British "pluralism", French "republicanism", German "federalism", each involving a different settlement between confessional life and public life and between national and ethnic identities. However, the picture can look radically different zooming in from the national to the local level. Thus the project will be grounded in specific urban sites: two city-regions in each country, with diverse populations, including significant Jewish and Muslim populations or histories, distinctive patterns of settlement, and distinctive approaches to urban governance. We propose an interdisciplinary collaboration across six leading European research universities, involving sociologists, anthropologists, urbanists and migration policy experts, with a proven history of collaboration. The core of the project methodologically will be intensive, granular participative observation in areas of potential Muslim-Jewish encounter, combined with quantitative analysis of attitudes and discourse analysis of public discourse in the sites. The project will foster dialogue across academic disciplines and with societal stakeholders, drawing on local urban knowledges and skills from the cities and their neighbourhoods. We build on complementary academic expertise - urban and postcolonial studies (Britain), quantitative data, media discourse analysis and interfaith studies (France) and the curation and management of diversity/pluralism (Germany). Public engagement is vital to the research too, given scholarship's potential to address the silo working among Muslim and Jewish community stakeholders, and the urgent need to foster better relations.

Europe’s upland landscapes are a rich and complex heritage, born of the interaction of nature and culture over millennia. Local communities can play an active and essential role in conserving and protecting this heritage, benefitting wider society. However, current conservation measures and land use decisions consistently fail to consider the historic dimension of upland landscapes and underestimate the contribution of local practitioners in sustaining their environment through active use. IRIS is a response to these circumstances, and to the threats to upland landscapes occasioned by depopulation, abandonment, the loss of traditional skills and land use change driven by the climate emergency and economic trends. IRIS aims to advance the socially and environmentally sustainable conservation, protection and use of upland landscapes. The project will research and develop a ‘living heritage’ approach to conservation, promoting the ‘protection through use’ of upland environments, and adjacent rural areas. Through intensive and participatory research in five countries (Spain, France, Italy, Montenegro, the UK) and wider European research and knowledge exchange, IRIS will: - Demonstrate how knowledge of historical processes and land use practices supports the conservation and sustainable development of upland landscapes; - Define a ‘living heritage’ approach to conservation and best practices through which local stakeholders can embed their cultural values, local expertise and traditions; - Support collaboration among local institutions and communities and realise effective and diverse participation in the conservation, protection, sustainable development and use of upland landscapes; - Provide local and European policy makers with new tools that will enable them to: (a) take into account the historical dimension of rural places, and; (b) implement a ‘living heritage’ approach to decision-making; - Create a new research framework that advances knowledge of upland cultural heritage and its wider social and environmental values and benefits; - Communicate and disseminate the research results at local, European and wider international levels.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and other major particle-physics experiments past, present, and future, are vast public investments in fundamental science. However, while the data-analysis and publication mechanisms of such experiments are sufficient for well-defined targets such as the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 (and the W, Z, and gluon bosons before), they limit the power of the experimental data to explore more subtle phenomena. In the 10 years since the Higgs-boson discovery, the LHC has published many analyses testing the limits of the Standard Model (SM) — the established, but suspected-incomplete central paradigm of particle physics. Each direct-search paper has statistically disproven some simplified models of physics beyond the SM, but such models are no more a priori likely than more complex ones: the latter feature a mixture of the simplified ones’ new phenomena, but at lower intensity, rather than concentrated into a single characteristic. To study such “dispersed signal” models requires a change in how LHC results are interpreted: the emphasis must shift to combining measurements of many different event types and characteristics into holistic meta-analyses. Only such a global, maximum-information approach can optimally exploit the LHC results. This project will provide a step towards building the infrastructure needed to make this change. It will facilitate experiments to provide fast, re-runnable versions of data-analysis logic through enhancements of a domain-specific language and event-analysis toolkits. It will join up the network of such toolkits with the public repositories of research data and metadata. It will provide common interfaces for controlling preserved analyses in the multiple toolkits, and for statistically combining the thousands of measurements and assessing which combinations can provide the most powerful scientific statement about any beyond-SM theory. At the start of the 3rd major data-taking run of the LHC, the time is now ripe to put this machinery and culture in place, so that the LHC legacy is publicly preserved for all to reuse. The project specifically aims to enhance the extent to which public analysis data from particle-physics experiments (in a general sense, but particularly summary results such as those used in publication plots and statistical inference, rather than raw collider events) can be combined and re-used to test theories of new physics. These tests, pursued by theorists and experimentalists alike, can also go beyond particle physics and also connect to astrophysics and cosmology, nuclear-physics direct searches for dark-matter. The value of combining information from different individual analyses was made clear early in the LHC programme, as early experimental data proved crucial for improving models of SM physics. The huge scientific volume, greater model-complexity, and increased precision of the full LHC programme requires pursuing this approach in a more systematic and scalable manner, open to the whole community and including use of reference datasets to ensure validity into the far future. The time is right for this step, as the key technologies (DOI minting and tracking, RESTful Web APIs, version-control hosting with continuous integration, containerisation) have become mature in the last 5 or so years. Particle physics already has established open data and publication repositories, but the crucial link of connecting those to scalable preservations of the analysis logic needs to be made, as does normalising the culture of providing such preservations and engaging in the FAIR principles for open science data. Individual physicists are generally enthusiastic about such ideals, as evidenced by the uptake of open data policies at particle-physics labs, and preservation of full collider software workflows. But an explicit, funded effort is required to eliminate the technical barriers and make these desirable behaviours more accessible and rewarded.

Motivation: Health and fitness wearables present mobile solutions for ICT in public wellbeing by providing personal remote control and clinical intervention through telemedicine networks. Due to their noninvasive and continuous vital sign monitoring, wearables are incorporated in several studies to identify the onset and progression of the Coronavirus pandemic, and institutions deployed patient surveillance networks based on them. However, today's consumer wearables rely on sensing technologies vulnerable to motion artifacts due to discontinuous skin contact or insufficient motion artefact reduction mechanisms that prevent them from being a reliable source of vital signs. Objective: The SNOW project specifically aims to heterogeneously integrate the best options of different disciplines to offer a complete ICT solution based on a Nano-Opto-Electro-Mechanical system (NOEMS) that is mechanically flexible and energy-efficient. The combination of optical and mechano-acoustic sensors into a single platform and consequent manipulation of the light signal via mechanical input and integrated electronics offers accurate heart rate and respiration rate extractions. With the combination of material and flexible-electronics-based technologies, our project aims to provide a wearable solution for ICT to contribute to a decent level of personal and public health. By benefiting from the proven expertise of the interdisciplinary consortium, here we propose to realize the next generation wearable devices that can continuously monitor and provide instant feedback on the user’s personal health parameters. Implementation: Our hybrid approach provides artefact compensation by using the heart rate signal from both optical and mechano-acoustic sensors. Integrating these sensors into a neuromorphic processor yields strict control on the actively extracted data and creates instant feedback in the case of abnormalities. The energy and data communication requirement of the proposed mobile sensing unit will be realized by a specific wireless communication that provides an efficient capacitive coupling to operate the sensors and circuitry components bypassing the need for an additional battery and bulky readout systems. Capacitive coupling with a smartwatch module will also provide transmission of the processed signal back to the final smart devices such as smartphone, laptops and the smartwatch itself. The final system integration work package will employ a heterogenous integration methodology to pack these technologies in a wearable device form factor suitable for user experience and validation. Systematic validation of the final wearable device prototypes will be provided to reach reliable device deployment. Active user experience will be investigated to improve design aspects and the measurement methodologies.